{"id":28699,"date":"2026-11-09T19:24:12","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T19:24:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tradefoxapps.sitepreview.me\/reference\/earthing-systems\/"},"modified":"2026-11-11T07:49:39","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T07:49:39","slug":"earthing-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tradefoxapps.sitepreview.me\/fr\/reference\/earthing-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Earthing systems around the world"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tfe tfx-nojs\" data-tfc-raw id=\"tfe-root\">\n<script>document.getElementById('tfe-root').classList.remove('tfx-nojs')<\/script>\n<script 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.tfe-more{grid-area:more;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;min-width:0}\n.tfe .tfe-pill{height:44px;border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:0 38px 0 18px;font-size:15px;background-color:var(--tfe-bg);color:var(--tfe-ink);-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;cursor:pointer;max-width:100%;background-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' width='12' height='8' viewBox='0 0 12 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M1 1.5l5 5 5-5' fill='none' stroke='%236e6e73' stroke-width='1.6' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:right 16px center;background-size:12px 8px;transition:background-color .2s}\n.tfe .tfe-pill:hover{background-color:#ececf0}\n.tfe .tfe-pill.is-set{background-color:rgba(241,89,39,.1);color:var(--tfe-hover);font-weight:600}\n.tfe .tfe-pill:focus{outline:none;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(241,89,39,.3)}\n.tfe 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mark.tfe-hl{background:none;font-weight:700}}\n.tfe .tfe-pbody{padding:0 12px 24px;cursor:auto}\n.tfe .tfe-dgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:12px}\n.tfe .tfe-box{background:var(--tfe-bg);border-radius:18px;padding:20px 22px;min-width:0}\n.tfe .tfe-wide{grid-column:1\/-1}\n.tfe .tfe-box h4{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--tfe-sub);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}\n.tfe .tfe-dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:8px 16px;margin:0;font-size:15px}\n.tfe .tfe-dl dt{color:var(--tfe-sub);font-weight:500;max-width:9em}\n.tfe .tfe-dl dd{margin:0;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}\n.tfe .tfe-note{font-size:15px;margin:0;color:var(--tfe-ink)}\n.tfe .tfe-small{font-size:14px;color:var(--tfe-sub);margin:10px 0 0}\n.tfe .tfe-tag{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;border-radius:999px;padding:3px 10px;background:#fff;color:var(--tfe-ink);margin:0 6px 6px 0;letter-spacing:0}\n.tfe .tfe-alert{background:#fff8e6;border-radius:14px;padding:14px 18px;font-size:15px;color:#6b4100;margin:0 0 12px}\n.tfe .tfe-slist{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 22px;font-size:15px}\n.tfe .tfe-slist li{margin:0 0 12px;padding-left:4px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}\n.tfe .tfe-slist li::marker{color:var(--tfe-sub);font-weight:600}\n.tfe .tfe-slist span{display:block;color:var(--tfe-sub);font-size:14px;margin-top:2px}\n.tfe .tfe-checked{font-size:14px;color:var(--tfe-sub);margin:4px 0 0}\n.tfe .tfe-empty{padding:56px 16px;text-align:center;color:var(--tfe-sub);font-size:17px}\n.tfe .tfe-foot{color:var(--tfe-sub);font-size:15px;line-height:1.55;margin:28px 0 0;max-width:820px}\n.tfe .tfe-foot strong{color:var(--tfe-ink);font-weight:600}\n.tfe .tfe-band{background:var(--tfe-bg);border-radius:28px;padding:56px 48px;margin:64px 0 0}\n.tfe .tfe-sec{margin:72px 0 0}\n.tfe .tfe-band+.tfe-sec,.tfe .tfe-band+.tfe-band{margin-top:24px}\n.tfe .tfe-h2{font-size:clamp(28px,4.2vw,40px);line-height:1.1;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.03em;margin:0}\n.tfe .tfe-h2 span{color:var(--tfe-sub)}\n.tfe .tfe-intro{color:var(--tfe-sub);font-size:17px;margin:14px 0 28px;max-width:720px}\n.tfe .tfe-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:16px}\n.tfe .tfe-cardx{background:#fff;border-radius:18px;padding:26px 26px 24px;min-width:0}\n.tfe .tfe-sec .tfe-cardx{background:var(--tfe-bg)}\n.tfe .tfe-cardx h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 10px}\n.tfe .tfe-cardx p{font-size:15px;color:#424245;margin:0 0 10px}\n.tfe .tfe-cardx p:last-child{margin:0}\n.tfe .tfe-related{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:40px 0 8px;padding:28px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--tfe-line)}\n.tfe .tfe-related a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;border-radius:999px;padding:0 20px;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;color:var(--tfe-ink);background:var(--tfe-bg);transition:background .2s,color .2s}\n.tfe .tfe-related a:hover{background:#ececf0;color:var(--tfe-hover);text-decoration:none}\n.tfe .tfe-related a.tfe-back{background:none;color:var(--tfe-hover);padding:0 8px}\n\/* == section nav == *\/\n\/* Sub-header styles ship with the nav itself (sectionnav.py NAV_CSS, injected by ssr.ref_nav). Only page spacing here. *\/\n.tfe .tfx-local{margin:0 0 8px}\n\/* == end section nav == *\/\n@media (max-width:760px){\n.tfe .tfe-hero{padding:8px 0 24px}\n.tfe .tfe-lede{font-size:16px;margin-top:14px}\n.tfe .tfe-jump{font-size:15px;gap:0 16px;margin-top:6px}\n.tfe .tfe-search input{height:50px;padding-left:48px}\n.tfe .tfe-search svg{left:18px}\n.tfe .tfe-tools{grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-template-areas:\"seg\" \"meta\" \"more\";gap:10px;margin:6px 0 10px}\n.tfe .tfe-segs{flex-direction:column}\n.tfe .tfe-seg{display:flex;width:100%}\n.tfe .tfe-seg button{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;padding:0 6px;min-height:44px}\n.tfe .tfe-fbtn{display:inline-flex;flex:0 0 auto}\n.tfe .tfe-meta{flex-wrap:nowrap}\n.tfe .tfe-count{font-size:14px;line-height:1.35}\n.tfe .tfe-more{display:none;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;background:var(--tfe-bg);border-radius:18px;padding:12px;gap:8px}\n.tfe .tfe-more.is-open{display:flex}\n.tfe .tfe-more .tfe-pill{width:100%;background-color:#fff;height:48px}\n.tfe .tfe-more .tfe-pill.is-set{background-color:#fff3ee}\n.tfe .tfe-more .tfe-switch{justify-content:space-between;flex-direction:row-reverse;background:#fff;border-radius:999px;padding:0 6px 0 18px;min-height:48px}\n.tfe .tfe-head{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 20px;gap:14px 12px;padding:18px 4px;min-height:0;border-radius:0}\n.tfe .tfe-head:hover{background:none}\n.tfe .tfe-main{grid-column:1\/-1;grid-row:2}\n.tfe .tfe-chev{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}\n.tfe .tfe-flag{font-size:28px}\n.tfe .tfe-pbody{padding:0 0 20px}\n.tfe .tfe-dgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}\n.tfe .tfe-box{padding:18px}\n.tfe .tfe-band{border-radius:22px;padding:36px 18px;margin:48px 0 0}\n.tfe .tfe-sec{margin:52px 0 0}\n.tfe .tfe-intro{margin:12px 0 22px}\n.tfe .tfe-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}\n.tfe .tfe-cardx{padding:22px 20px}\n.tfe .tfe-related a{flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center}\n}\n.tfe 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.tfe-sys-btn:after{content:\"\";width:7px;height:7px;border-right:1.6px solid currentColor;border-bottom:1.6px solid currentColor;transform:rotate(-45deg);margin:0 0 0 10px}\n.tfe .tfe-sys-btn:hover{background:var(--tfe-hover);color:#fff}\n.tfe .tfe-key{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 20px;font-size:14px;color:var(--tfe-sub);margin:20px 2px 0}\n.tfe .tfe-key span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\n.tfe .tfe-key i{display:inline-block;width:24px;height:5px;border-radius:3px}\n@media (max-width:900px){.tfe .tfe-systems{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.tfe .tfe-sys:last-child{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.tfe .tfe-sys:last-child .tfe-sys-d{align-self:stretch}}\n@media (max-width:760px){\n.tfe .tfe-sys-d{align-self:stretch;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;border-radius:12px;scrollbar-width:thin}\n.tfe .tfe-dia{min-width:500px}\n.tfe .tfe-seg button{font-size:14px;padding:0 2px;letter-spacing:-.02em}\n.tfe .tfe-systems{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px}\n.tfe .tfe-sys,.tfe .tfe-sys:last-child{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:16px 16px 20px;gap:16px}\n.tfe .tfe-dia{border-radius:12px}\n}\n.tfe .tfe-row{contain-intrinsic-size:auto 91px}\n@media (max-width:760px){.tfe .tfe-row{contain-intrinsic-size:auto 126px}}\n@media print{.tfe .tfe-row{content-visibility:visible}}\n<\/style>\n<header class=\"tfe-hero\">\n<p class=\"tfe-eyebrow\">Tradefox Reference<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"tfe-title\">Earthing systems.<span>TN, TT and IT, country by country.<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"tfe-lede\">How the supply is earthed decides how an installation is protected against electric shock. This guide explains the TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT and IT systems with simple diagrams, then lists the systems used in each country, the wiring standard and what RCD protection is expected.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"tfe-jump\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><a href=\"#tfe-systems-sec\">The five systems<\/a><a href=\"#tfe-list-h\">Countries and territories<\/a><\/nav>\n<\/header>\n<section aria-labelledby=\"tfe-list-h\">\n<h2 class=\"tfe-sr\" id=\"tfe-list-h\">Earthing systems by country<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tfe-sentinel\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"tfe-bar\" role=\"search\">\n<label class=\"tfe-search\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M13 13l5 5\"\/><\/svg><input type=\"search\" id=\"tfe-q\" placeholder=\"Search country, system or standard\" aria-label=\"Search countries and territories\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/label>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tfe-tools\">\n<div class=\"tfe-segs\"><div class=\"tfe-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter by earthing system\" id=\"tfe-sseg\"><button type=\"button\" data-sys=\"\" aria-pressed=\"true\">All<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-sys=\"TN-S\" aria-pressed=\"false\">TN-S<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-sys=\"TN-C-S\" aria-pressed=\"false\">TN-C-S<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-sys=\"TN-C\" aria-pressed=\"false\">TN-C<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-sys=\"TT\" aria-pressed=\"false\">TT<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-sys=\"IT\" aria-pressed=\"false\">IT<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"tfe-more\" id=\"tfe-more\">\n<select class=\"tfe-pill\" id=\"tfe-region\" aria-label=\"Filter by region\"><option value=\"\">All regions<\/option><option value=\"Africa\">Africa<\/option><option value=\"Asia\">Asia<\/option><option value=\"Central America &amp; Caribbean\">Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/option><option value=\"Europe\">Europe<\/option><option value=\"Middle East\">Middle East<\/option><option value=\"North America\">North America<\/option><option value=\"Oceania\">Oceania<\/option><option value=\"South America\">South America<\/option><\/select>\n<label class=\"tfe-switch\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"tfe-pronly\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>Predominant only<\/span><\/label>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tfe-meta\"><div class=\"tfe-count\" id=\"tfe-count\" aria-live=\"polite\">Showing 236 of 236 countries and territories<\/div><div class=\"tfe-meta-r\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-reset tfe-hide\" id=\"tfe-reset\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-fbtn\" id=\"tfe-fbtn\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-more\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 6h14M6 10h8M8.5 14h3\"\/><\/svg>Filters<b class=\"tfe-hide\"><\/b><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"tfe-legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span><i class=\"tfe-pr\"><\/i>Predominant system<\/span><span><i><\/i>Also in use<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tfe-list\" id=\"tfe-body\" role=\"list\" aria-label=\"Countries and territories\"><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Afghanistan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Afghanistan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>Not recorded<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>No settled national code; IEC 60364 used on donor-funded work<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Supply quality and installation practice vary widely; do not assume the supplier provides a protective earth.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Albania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Albania\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Older networks often TN-C; newer work moving to TN-C-S, with TT in places.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>National adoption of IEC\/HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits under HD 60364-based rules; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. The ERE new-connections regulation (2024) makes the customer responsible for earth-fault protection and the building earthing system, with an earthing protocol for 20-50 kW connections, but names no TN\/TT system. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ere.gov.al\/media\/files\/2024\/09\/16\/Rregullore_per_Lidhjet_e_reja_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ERE Rregullore p\u00ebr Lidhjet e Reja 2024<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 1.11: customer installs earth-fault protection and builds the object&#39;s earthing system; earthing protocol required for 20-50 kW<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"DZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-DZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Algeria<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-gen\" title=\"TN system, sub-type not specified by the source\">TN (type not stated)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-DZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Algeria\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT, TN (type not stated)<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived (Sonelgaz)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed against a utility document. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">American Samoa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for American Samoa\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). US territory.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>US NEC (American Samoa Administrative Code Title 12, \u00a712.0225)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified. System and predominant: corroborated (ASAC service-entrance grounding per NEC + NEC 250.24 summary). RCD: unverified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/policy.asiapacificenergy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Power%20Authority%20%28Chapter%2001%29%20and%20Electric%20Service%20%28Chapter%2002%29%20%28Public%20Utilities%20and%20Energy%20Title%2012%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Samoa Code: Power Authority and Electric Service (Title 12)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a712.0225 service-entrance ground wires per NEC; \u00a712.0227 inspection before energization<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ecmweb.com\/national-electrical-code\/code-basics\/article\/55312094\/nec-requirements-for-grounding-of-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EC&amp;M (Mike Holt): NEC requirements for grounding of services<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: service neutral connected to grounding electrode at service equipment; main bonding jumper; no neutral-ground bond downstream (TN-C-S in IEC terms)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AD\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AD\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Andorra<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AD\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Andorra\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The building&#39;s general earth electrode must stay separate from the substation earths. This fits a TT arrangement, but FEDA does not name the scheme.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Reglament d&#39;instal\u00b7lacions el\u00e8ctriques de baixa tensi\u00f3 (Govern d&#39;Andorra, Oct 1988)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs normally required.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.feda.ad\/fitxers\/documents\/obra-civil-et_int-ext_client\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FEDA (Forces El\u00e8ctriques d&#39;Andorra): Obra civil ET interior\/exterior client<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>LV installations follow the Andorran LV regulation of Oct 1988; the building&#39;s general earth is NOT connected to the substation&#39;s two independent earth terminals<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Angola<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Angola\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Iberian-derived practice: network neutral earthed, local electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Portuguese-derived rules (RTIEBT)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Anguilla<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Anguilla\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC-influenced practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Antigua and Barbuda<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Antigua and Barbuda\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671 \/ NEC mixed practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Argentina<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Argentina\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Installations supplied from the public LV network must have their own protective earth (TT) per the AEA regulation and IRAM 2281. TN-S is used where a customer has its own MV\/LV substation, but this was not confirmed from an opened source.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AEA 90364 Reglamentaci\u00f3n para la Ejecuci\u00f3n de Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas en Inmuebles (Part 7 Secci\u00f3n 770 Viviendas), applied by provincial regulators<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD (interruptor diferencial) of 30 mA or less; where there is only a main board it must cover all circuits (ERSeP RG 10\/2022, Cap. III 3.7)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The system, predominant arrangement and RCD rule come from the C\u00f3rdoba regulator&#39;s (ERSeP) technical rule, which requires a TT protective earth per the AEA rules. Enforcement is provincial; the Buenos Aires area (ENRE) rules are not confirmed here.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ersep.cba.gov.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/RG-10-2022-ANEXO-UNICO__firmado_firmado_firmado_firmado_firmado-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ERSeP C\u00f3rdoba: Resoluci\u00f3n General 10\/2022, Anexo \u00danico<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cap. III 3.4: TT protective earthing per AEA rules and IRAM 2281; 3.7: RCD of 30 mA or less on all circuits<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/static.buenosaires.gob.ar\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/document\/2019\/02\/27\/e1d0af388d98fe05551af18a30918ecb8abc9da2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buenos Aires City: AEA 90364-7-770 (2017) corrigendum<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Title of the AEA 90364 regulation and Secci\u00f3n 770 Viviendas scope<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Armenia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Armenia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Soviet-era housing commonly has a combined neutral and earth (TN-C) with no separate protective conductor; newer work moves to TN-C-S or TN-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) with national GOST\/IEC 60364 adoptions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Aruba<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Aruba\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Aruba utility (Elmar) rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Australia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Australia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Multiple earthed neutral (MEN): the supply neutral is earthed at many points on the network, and the installation&#39;s main earth is linked to the neutral at the main switchboard.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000 Wiring Rules, MEN system<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on all final subcircuits in residential dwellings (AS\/NZS 3000:2018)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The RCD rule was confirmed by WA Building and Energy and ERAC. MEN as the AS\/NZS 3000 system was confirmed by an NZ government (NZQA) unit standard.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commerce.wa.gov.au\/building-and-energy\/new-wiring-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WA Building and Energy: Preview of main changes (AS\/NZS 3000:2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>All final subcircuits in residential dwellings must be RCD protected under AS\/NZS 3000:2018<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.erac.gov.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/ERAC_AdvisoryNote_RCDsClause2.6.3.2.5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ERAC Advisory Note: RCDs, AS\/NZS 3000 clause 2.6.3.2.5<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>AS\/NZS 3000 RCD rules for alterations and additions in domestic and residential installations<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/nqfdocs\/units\/pdf\/32622.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NZQA unit standard 32622<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>MEN (multiple earthed neutral) system and earthing\/bonding taught against AS\/NZS 3000<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Austria<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Austria\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Networks converted from TT to TN (Nullung) with very few exceptions remaining.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>OVE E 8101 \/ TAEV; Nullungsverordnung<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD required in addition to Nullung on socket circuits up to 16 A.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgnetz.at\/content\/dam\/salzburgnetz\/dokumente\/netzanschluss\/Stromnetz-TAEV-Ausfuehrungsbestimmungen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salzburg Netz: Ausfuehrungsbestimmungen zu den TAEV, Teil IV Schutzmassnahmen (2022)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Conversion from TT to TN is complete apart from a few exceptions; Nullung (TN) is the fault protection; 30 mA RCDs additionally required on socket circuits up to 16 A<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Azerbaijan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Azerbaijan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Soviet-era housing commonly has a combined neutral and earth (TN-C) with no separate protective conductor; newer work moves to TN-C-S or TN-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) with national GOST\/IEC 60364 adoptions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bahamas<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bahamas\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Bahamas practice; NEC-based<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bahrain<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bahrain\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">TT is the only permitted arrangement: the supply neutral is solidly earthed and must not be earthed anywhere inside the premises. Every customer with its own service point provides copper-clad rod electrode(s), max 1.0 ohm.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>EWA Regulations for Electrical Installations (EDD)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Earth leakage protection mandatory: max 30 mA for all sockets and domestic apparatus, 300 mA for lighting, AC, water heaters and fixed cookers, 10 mA for underwater lighting, 500 mA (preferably 300 mA) for other equipment.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/legacy.ewa.bh\/en\/Business\/OtherServices\/Documents\/EDD%20Regulation%20for%20Electricty%20Installaltions%20_En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EWA Bahrain: Regulations for Electrical Installations (EDD)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 303: solidly earthed neutral, installation earthing TT per IEC 60364-3; cl. 601-603: customer provides earth electrode(s), max 1.0 ohm; cl. 614: neutral not earthed in premises; cl. 611-612: earth leakage protection, max 10 mA underwater lighting, 30 mA sockets and domestic apparatus, 300 mA lights\/AC\/water heaters\/fixed cookers, 500 mA (preferably 300 mA) other equipment<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BD\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BD\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bangladesh<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BD\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bangladesh\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">BNBC (2011 draft text) earths installations through ECCs to the building&#39;s own buried electrodes (target about 1 ohm). It does not name a TT\/TN system or say whether the supply provides an earth.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2020), Part 8 Ch. 1<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; no RCD rating in the BNBC text read.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/law.resource.org\/pub\/bd\/bnbc.2012\/gov.bd.bnbc.2012.08.01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bangladesh National Building Code 2011 (draft), Part 8 Ch. 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Services, public.resource.org copy<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Earthing by ECCs from MDB to DBs and sockets connected to buried earth electrodes (GI\/copper pipe or plate), target around 1 ohm; references BS 7671:2008; no TT\/TN system named and no RCD rating; earth-leakage trips mentioned only for remote-substation supplies<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BB\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BB\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\udde7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Barbados<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BB\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Barbados\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">BL&amp;P requires customer installations to follow the most recent NEC, with the Chief Electrical Engineer (GEED) as authority having jurisdiction. It recommends single-point grounding referenced at the service entrance only, and the customer provides the service-entrance grounding (25 ohm target). This is the NEC bonded-neutral (TN-C-S equivalent) arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC (NFPA 70), most recent edition, as applied by GEED; BL&amp;P service and meter installation rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per the adopted NEC 210.8 (not stated in the BL&amp;P rules opened) (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blpc.com.bb\/images\/pdfs\/Covering_Installation_of_Electric_Services_and_Meters.pdf?type=file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BL&amp;P: Requirements covering installation of electric services and meters<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>1.2 requirements based on the most recent NEC; 5.5 single-point grounding at the service entrance; 6.1 customer provides service-entrance grounding<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Belarus<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Belarus\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">TKP 339-2011 says installations up to 1 kV should normally use a TN system with a solidly earthed source. TT is allowed only where TN cannot give safe conditions, and then RCDs are compulsory. IT is used where supply must not be interrupted. A local energy-inspection notice says older housing was built with two-wire wiring. The residential code (TKP 45-4.04-149 \/ SN 4.04.01) was not opened, so the split between TN-C and TN-C-S in dwellings is not sourced.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>TKP 339-2011 (Belarus PUE equivalent; a 2021\/2022 revision exists) \/ TKP 45-4.04-149 or SN 4.04.01-2019 for dwellings<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>TKP 339-2011 lists a 30 mA RCD as additional protection against direct contact and bans RCDs in four-wire TN-C circuits (4.3.5.5). A rule for dwelling socket circuits was not found in the text opened.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (TKP 339-2011 4.3.2.9-4.3.2.11, 4.3.5.5). Predominant: not sourced. RCD: partly verified (30 mA as additional protection; banned in TN-C). Check whether TKP 339-2022 has replaced the 2011 text.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novopolotsk.by\/images\/stories\/news_19\/tkp_339-2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TKP 339-2011 Electrical installations up to 750 kV, copy on Novopolotsk city executive committee site<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>4.3.2.9: TN normally used up to 1 kV; 4.3.2.10: IT where interruption is unacceptable; 4.3.2.11: TT only where TN cannot be made safe, with RCDs; 4.3.5.5: no RCD in TN-C; 4.3.2.2: 30 mA RCD as additional protection<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/glusk.gov.by\/downloads\/servines\/energoinspektciia\/info20260629-02.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glusk district energy inspection notice on RCDs (glusk.gov.by)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Older housing has two-wire wiring; 30 mA household RCDs are the usual type<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Belgium<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Belgium\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Most domestic installations are TT, each with its own earth electrode. DSOs forbid using the network neutral as a protective conductor without explicit permission. TN-C is banned in domestic installations, and some networks are 3x230 V.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AREI\/RGIE<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD at the origin of every domestic installation (300 mA), plus 30 mA RCDs for bathrooms and washing, drying and dishwashing machines.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vincotte.be\/home\/assets\/files\/publications\/Vin%C3%A7otte_Whitepaper_RGIE_2019_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vincotte whitepaper RGIE 2019<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Domestic installations need a 300 mA RCD at the origin and 30 mA RCDs for bathrooms and washing\/drying\/dishwashing machines; earth electrode resistance limit 30 ohm (100 ohm with extra measures)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/volta-org.be\/media\/alfdo05y\/geaarde-netsystemen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Volta (Belgian electrotechnical sector body): Geaarde netsystemen<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>AREI recognises TT, TN, IT; the vast majority of domestic installations are TT; TN-C prohibited in domestic installations; RCD at origin always required in domestic installations<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cwape.be\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-07\/C1_107_Final%20draft_FR%20(version%2006_06_2024)_site%20internet%20CWaPE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Synergrid C1\/107 final draft (June 2024), published by CWaPE<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Customers may not connect the neutral to earth locally or use it as a protective conductor without explicit DSO authorisation; 3x230 V and 3N400 V networks both exist<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Belize<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Belize\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The PUC (regulator) wireman procedures name the NEC and the BEL Service Installation Manual as the governing codes, and service-entrance drawings must show the ground rod and conductor. The NEC bonds the neutral at the service (250.24), which is equivalent to TN-C-S. Draft Electrical Design, Compliance and Inspection Regulations 2026 would adopt the NEC edition the PUC notifies.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC (NFPA 70), edition not stated, with the BEL Service Installation Manual and PUC rules; draft 2026 regulations pending<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per the adopted NEC 210.8; PUC plan rules require GFCI outlets to be marked on drawings (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/wireman.puc.bz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUC Belize: procedures for wiremen<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC and BEL Service Installation Manual cited; grounding details required on service-entrance drawings; GFCI outlets shown on plans<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.puc.bz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ELECTRICITY-ELECTRICAL-DESIGN-COMPLIANCE-AND-INSPECTION-REGULATIONS-2026-and-ORDER-PROPOSED.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUC Belize: proposed Electricity (Electrical Design, Compliance and Inspection) Regulations 2026<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Draft reg. 4(3)(a): NFPA 70 as adopted by Commission notice (not yet in force)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BJ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BJ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddef<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Benin<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BJ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Benin\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bermuda<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>North America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bermuda\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). Mixed US and UK heritage.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Bermuda wiring regulations; NEC-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bhutan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bhutan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Not confirmed. The 2025 wiring rules require exposed parts and the neutral of mains and sub-mains to be connected to earth electrodes and defer details to BTS 272:2019, which was not opened.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BEA\/ERA Internal House Wiring Rules and Regulations 2025; BTS 272:2019<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>ELCB\/RCD required at appropriate points (cl. 61); no mA rating given.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/era.gov.bt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Internal-House-Wiring-Rules-and-Regulations-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bhutan Electricity Regulatory Authority: Internal House Wiring Rules and Regulations 2025<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>In force 30 May 2025; earthing per BTS 272:2019 (cl. 12(4)); all exposed-conductive parts earthed (cl. 57, 60); neutral and metal parts of mains\/sub-mains connected to earth electrodes (cl. 63); ELCB\/RCD at appropriate points (cl. 61), no mA rating given; no TT\/TN system named<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bolivia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bolivia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The CIEE Santa Cruz guide, based on NB 777, says TN-S and TT predominate in Santa Cruz and that distribution transformers have a solidly earthed star point. Small installations need an earth connection point at the meter panel. National predominance was not established.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NB 777 (Norma Boliviana, instalaciones el\u00e9ctricas interiores en baja tensi\u00f3n)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Single professional-body source (Colegio de Ingenieros Electricistas y Electr\u00f3nicos de Santa Cruz, 2026), regional scope. No 30 mA RCD rule appears in its text, only in sample load schedules. Unverified. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cieesc.com\/userfiles\/file\/GU%C3%8DA%20PR%C3%81CTICA%20PROY%20ELEC%202026%20V2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIEE Santa Cruz: Gu\u00eda pr\u00e1ctica de proyectos el\u00e9ctricos v2 (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Based on NB 777; TN-S and TT predominate in Santa Cruz; earth point at meter panel<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bosnia and Herzegovina\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Mixed legacy TN-C and TN-C-S, with TT in rural areas.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Pravilnik o tehni\u010dkim normativima za elektri\u010dne instalacije niskog napona (Sl. list SFRJ 53\/88) \/ EPBiH TP-10 \/ BAS HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits under HD 60364-based rules.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. A public-sector exam reading list (obs.ba) names the 1988 SFRJ regulation on LV installations and JP EPBiH technical recommendation TP-10 for LV connections, and one question states the customer installation protection must be TN-C\/S. Single non-authoritative source. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/obs.ba\/images\/stories\/OGLASI\/797_Ispitna_pitanja_i_literatura_za_radno_mjesto_%C5%A0ef_Elektro_Odsjeka.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exam questions and literature for &#39;Head of Electrical Section&#39; post (obs.ba)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Lists SFRJ 53\/88 LV installation regulation and EPBiH TP-10; question states customer installation protection must be TN-C\/S<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Botswana<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Botswana\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Electricity (Supply) Regulations 1988 require the supply undertaker&#39;s LV works to meet a TN-C-S (protective multiple earthing) system, with overall neutral resistance to earth not above 10 ohm. The consumer must also provide an earth electrode (20 ohm or less) near the point of supply. Inside the consumer installation the neutral must not be earthed or joined to any protective conductor.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity (Supply) Regulations 1988 (S.I. 52 of 1988), Second Schedule: installations to follow IEC standards and the IEE Wiring Regulations where possible.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD of not more than 30 mA on each final socket-outlet circuit (Second Schedule para. 2(a)); does not apply to premises under the Factories Act or the Mines, Quarries, Works and Machinery Act.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The regulation cites IEC and the IEE Wiring Regulations, not SANS 10142-1. It dates from 1988; check for later BPC or BOBS rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-laws.botswanalaws.com\/PDF\/StatutesActpdf\/1988Subsidarypdf\/ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) REGULATIONS, S. I. NO. 52 OF 1988.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Botswana Electricity (Supply) Regulations, S.I. No. 52 of 1988 (Botswana e-Laws)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg. 4(1) TN-C-S (PME); reg. 4(3)(e) consumer earth electrode; Second Schedule paras 1-3: IEC\/IEE regs, 30 mA RCD on socket final circuits, no neutral earthing inside the installation<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Brazil<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Brazil\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Utility LV networks are 127\/220 V with a multi-earthed neutral. CEMIG ND-5.1 requires the incoming neutral to be earthed at the service entrance (7.4.1.1), and the earthing conductor, neutral and protective conductor to be joined at the first box receiving the service (7.5.11). The PE is taken from that point, which is TN-C-S. NBR 5410 also recognises TN-S, TT and IT; TT is common where no PE is derived from the neutral.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>ABNT NBR 5410 (paywalled; read via summaries) plus distributor connection rules (e.g. CEMIG ND-5.1)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA DR (RCD) on circuits serving locations with a shower or bath, outdoor sockets, indoor sockets that may feed outdoor equipment, and kitchens, laundries, service areas, garages and other wet or washed areas (NBR 5410 5.1.3.2.2)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">An RCD cannot be used on TN-C unless the protected circuit is converted to TN-S. The predominant arrangement is confirmed only for the CEMIG area (Minas Gerais).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cemig.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/nd5_1_000001p.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CEMIG ND-5.1: Fornecimento de energia el\u00e9trica em tens\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria (edifica\u00e7\u00f5es individuais)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>127\/220 V multi-earthed neutral (4.3); neutral earthed at the entrance (7.4.1.1); earthing conductor, neutral and PE joined at the first box (7.5.11)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.new.siemens.com\/siemens\/assets\/api\/uuid:48701b57-34c5-4389-96f4-f86ba6a95dec\/catalogo-dr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Siemens: cat\u00e1logo DR (dispositivos diferenciais residuais)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NBR 5410 5.1.3.2.2 30 mA DR locations; TN-S\/TN-C-S\/TT schemes per NBR 5410 4.2.2.2; DR on TN-C only if converted to TN-S (corroboration only)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/udesc.br\/arquivos\/udesc\/id_cpmenu\/9731\/choque_eletrico_8_24_17230551344501_9731.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UDESC: Choque eletrico (NBR 5410 teaching material)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NBR 5410 requires 30 mA DR for wet areas, bathrooms, external sockets in dwellings; TT uses RCD disconnection; RCD not allowed on TN-C<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osetoreletrico.com.br\/nbr-5410-instalacoes-eletricas-em-banheiros\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O Setor Eletrico: NBR 5410 installations in bathrooms<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>30 mA DR condition for socket outlets\/switches in bathroom zones (draft revision)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"VG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-VG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">British Virgin Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-VG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for British Virgin Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The BVI Government enforces the 2017 NEC (cited in its electrical inspection notice). The NEC bonds neutral to ground at the service (250.24), which is equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC (NFPA 70) 2017, enforced by the Government electrical inspection<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per NEC 2017 210.8; the government notice also requires ground-fault protection of 30 mA or less at marinas and docks (NEC 555) (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bvi.gov.vg\/media-centre\/marinas-and-electricians-urged-adhere-electrical-code\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BVI Government: Marinas and electricians urged to adhere to electrical code<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>2017 NEC applied; 30 mA ground-fault protection for marinas and docks<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Brunei<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Brunei\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers normally provide their own earth electrode (TT).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electrical Installation Requirement 2011 (EIR), mandatory, based on the IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671); EIR prevails where they conflict<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: corroborated (AFEO white paper, an ASEAN engineering-federation source). System, predominant and RCD: unverified. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/afeo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/White-Paper-on-Electrical-Installation-Standards-in-Building.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AFEO\/AEI-EI White Paper on Electrical Installation Standards in Buildings amongst ASEAN Countries (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Brunei: EIR 2011 is the mandatory standard, based on the IET Wiring Regulations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Bulgaria<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Bulgaria\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TN-C<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">A Technical University of Gabrovo paper says all Bulgarian LV supply networks are TN-C. By law, new and renovated buildings are wired TN-C-S. In older buildings PE and N stay combined, so RCDs cannot be used in the panel.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Naredba No 3 on electrical installations and power lines \/ BDS HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs are the main type used against direct and indirect contact; Ordinance No. 3 bars RCDs whose operation depends on supply voltage in dwellings. A mandatory 30 mA socket rule was not confirmed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant: unverified (a single university paper citing Ordinance No. 3; Ordinance text not opened). RCD: unverified. TT was dropped from the list: not mentioned in the source.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/mgu.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vol.-55-III-2012-37-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G. Velev (TU Gabrovo), Some aspects of selecting, installing and operating RCDs, Annual of UMG Vol. 55 III (2012)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>LV networks built as TN-C; new and renovated buildings TN-C-S by law; older buildings keep combined PEN; Ordinance No. 3 RCD restriction<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Burkina Faso<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Burkina Faso\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Burundi<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Burundi\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cambodia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cambodia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The national technical standards recognise two LV earthing systems: TT (equipment earth electrodes independent of the supply earth) and TN (TN-S or TN-C). LV equipment at user sites follows IEC 60364 and, where connected directly to the supplier, must use the supplier&#39;s earthing system; one site may not mix systems. Exposed metal of LV equipment \u2264300 V takes Class D earthing. Which system EDC normally supplies was not stated.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Specific Requirements of Electric Power Technical Standards (MIME Prakas 701, 2007; updated 2017); IEC 60364 for user installations<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Earth leakage breakers (0.5 s, or 1 s for Class B cases) allow higher earth resistance values; no general mA sensitivity or domestic RCD rule found<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (Prakas 701 Art. 24(3)). Predominant: not sourced, null. RCD: verified only as earth-resistance alternative; no domestic 30 mA rule found. TN-C-S removed from list because the standard names TN-S and TN-C only.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/lpr.adb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/934\/cambodia-prakas-701-on-establishment-of-specific-requirement-of-electric-power-technical-standards.pdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cambodia Prakas 701: Specific Requirements of Electric Power Technical Standards (ADB Law and Policy Reform)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 24(3): TT and TN (TN-S, TN-C); user sites follow IEC 60364 and the supplier&#39;s earthing system; Art. 21-23 earthing classes and ELB timing<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/afeo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/White-Paper-on-Electrical-Installation-Standards-in-Building.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AFEO\/AEI-EI White Paper on Electrical Installation Standards in Buildings amongst ASEAN Countries (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cambodia: Electric Power Technical Standards mandatory; IEC applies where not covered<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cameroon<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cameroon\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Canada<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>North America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Canada\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">As in the US: the neutral is earthed at the service and bonded to the bonding conductor system, which is the Canadian equivalent of TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>CSA C22.1 Canadian Electrical Code Part I (Section 10 grounding and bonding), adopted provincially<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI required for bathroom\/washroom and exterior receptacles (CEC Rules 26-700 series) and other specified locations<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Confirmed through Technical Safety BC. Provincial amendments vary.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/files.technicalsafetybc.ca\/v3\/assets\/bltdec2ded849740f4d\/blt8a6e09e301b5d293\/67be27455ac38d30598ff17e\/B-E3_091214_2_-_Minimum_Requirements_for_Upgrading_of_Electrical_Systems_in_Single_Dwellings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technical Safety BC bulletin B-E3: upgrading electrical systems in single dwellings<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>CEC Rule 26-704 GFCI for bathroom and exterior receptacles; service grounding and bonding to Section 10<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CV\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CV\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddfb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cape Verde<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CV\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cape Verde\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">RTIEBT defines TN (TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C), TT and IT schemes. Which one the utility supplies was not found.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Regras T\u00e9cnicas das Instala\u00e7\u00f5es El\u00e9tricas de Baixa Tens\u00e3o (RTIEBT), approved by Portaria 34\/2020 (BO I S\u00e9rie n\u00ba 92, 4 Aug 2020); mandatory for new installations from 1 Jan 2021.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RTIEBT 412.5 recognises RCDs of 30 mA or less as additional protection; the specific circuits where they are mandatory were not confirmed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/boe.incv.cv\/Bulletins\/Download\/3346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boletim Oficial de Cabo Verde, I S\u00e9rie n\u00ba 92 (4 Aug 2020), Portaria 34\/2020 approving RTIEBT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RTIEBT adopted and mandatory; 312.2 TN\/TT\/IT definitions; 412.5 30 mA RCD additional protection<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BQ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BQ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Caribbean Netherlands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BQ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Caribbean Netherlands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Caribbean Netherlands utility rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cayman Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cayman Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The Cayman Islands Building Code Regulations adopt NFPA 70 (NEC) 2014 as amended. The NEC requires the neutral to be bonded to the grounding electrode and equipment grounding at the service (250.24), which is equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NFPA 70 National Electrical Code 2014 ed. as amended (Building Code Regulations, 2022 Revision, reg. 3(f))<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per NEC 2014 210.8 as adopted (bathrooms, kitchens, garages, outdoors etc.) (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.planning.ky\/wp-content\/uploads\/docs\/BuildingCodeRegulations_2022-Revision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cayman Islands Building Code Regulations (2022 Revision)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg. 3(f): NFPA 70 NEC 2014 ed. as amended is adopted<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Central African Republic<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Central African Republic\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TD\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TD\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Chad<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TD\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Chad\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Chile<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Chile\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">RIC N\u00b005 6.7.1.1: consumer installations supplied directly from the public LV network use the TT scheme. For other consumer installations the choice is TN-S, TT or IT (6.7.1.2). TN-C and TN-C-S are allowed only where technically justified and TN-S is impossible (6.4.4\/6.4.5). RIC N\u00b006 requires the neutral to be earthed with a service earth of 20 ohms or less.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SEC Pliegos T\u00e9cnicos Normativos RIC N\u00b001-N\u00b019 (Resoluci\u00f3n Exenta SEC 33.877 of 30\/12\/2020), notably RIC N\u00b005, N\u00b006 and N\u00b010<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>All dwelling circuits must be protected by an RCD (protector diferencial), 30 mA for lighting and socket circuits, with no more than 3 circuits per RCD (RIC N\u00b010 5.1.3.5, 5.1.3.7, 5.2 c)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the SEC technical pliegos issued under REx 33.877, which replace NCh Elec 4\/2003.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/1930\/7961\/files\/RIC-N05-Medidas-de-Proteccion-Contra-Tensiones-Peligrosas.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SEC RIC N\u00b005: Medidas de protecci\u00f3n contra tensiones peligrosas (mirror copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>6.7.1.1 TT for public LV supply; 6.7.1.2 TN-S\/TT\/IT; TN-C\/TN-C-S only where justified<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/1930\/7961\/files\/RIC-N06-Puesta-a-Tierra.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SEC RIC N\u00b006: Puesta a tierra y enlace equipotencial (mirror copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Service earth of 20 ohms or less; neutral of TN\/TT networks connected to the service earth; issued by REx 33.877\/2020<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/1930\/7961\/files\/RIC-N10-Instalaciones-de-uso-general.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SEC RIC N\u00b010: Instalaciones de uso general (mirror copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>All dwelling circuits RCD-protected; 30 mA; max 3 circuits per RCD<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.achs.cl\/doc-noticia\/Documents\/mailing\/achs-2709\/REx_33877_30122020_SEC_Dicta_Pliegos_tecnicos.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACHS copy of SEC Resoluci\u00f3n Exenta 33.877 (30\/12\/2020)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>SEC resolution issuing the RIC pliegos t\u00e9cnicos (named in RIC N\u00b006)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">China<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for China\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">National design codes allow TT, TN-S or TN-C-S for civil buildings and say TN-C should be avoided. Local government guidance for new residential communities (e.g. Lishui, Zhejiang) specifies TN-C-S or TN-S, with the PE\/PEN re-earthed where the supply enters the building. Rural practice (often said to be TT) was not confirmed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>GB 55024-2022 (mandatory building electrical code); GB 50052-2009; GB 50054-2011; JGJ 242-2011 (residential electrical design); GB\/T 16895 (IEC 60364)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD of 30 mA or less on circuits up to 32 A including general-use socket circuits (GB 55024-2022 cl. 4.6.5); Shenzhen guidance requires 30 mA on every socket and lighting circuit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (GB 50052-2009 explanatory notes to 7.0.1; GB 55024-2022 references TN and TT disconnection times). Predominant: not sourced nationally, set null; Lishui guidance (TN-C-S or TN-S for residential communities) is local only. RCD: verified (GB 55024 via English translation preview; Shenzhen guideline).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sheitc.sh.gov.cn\/cmsres\/79\/7947d86227f54c6a9cbbb4822a4da25c\/de4439fae21a558ab61ce32b6f59a61b.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GB 50052-2009 Code for Design of Electric Power Supply Systems (hosted by Shanghai SHEITC)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Explanatory note to 7.0.1: civil-building LV systems to use TT, TN-S or TN-C-S; TN-C to be avoided<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinesestandard.net\/PDF\/English.amp.aspx\/GB55024-2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GB 55024-2022 (English translation preview, chinesestandard.net)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 4.6.5: RCD \u226430 mA for circuits \u226432 A including general socket circuits; TN and TT disconnection times in 4.6.2<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou-zwynet-d01-a.internet.cloud.zj.gov.cn\/jcms_files\/jcms1\/web3657\/site\/attach\/0\/b3082c556cb145d0a5ea3fd9429fd568.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lishui Residential Community Electrical Design Technical Guidelines (2023)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 8.4: LV earthing for residential communities is TN-C-S or TN-S, re-earthing \u226410 \u03a9 at building entry (local)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zjj.sz.gov.cn\/attachment\/1\/1368\/1368964\/10553242.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shenzhen urban village electrical safety rectification technical guidelines (Part 3)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Each socket circuit to have an RCD rated not more than 30 mA; residential buildings to have their own earthing system (local guideline)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gongbiaoku.com\/book\/7ia17081zq3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JGJ 242-2011 listing (gongbiaoku)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Standard title, status and mandatory clauses list (full text not shown)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Colombia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Colombia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">RETIE requires a main bonding jumper (puente de conexi\u00f3n equipotencial principal) in any board used as service equipment, sized per NTC 2050 250.28(D) (Art. 3.17.8 x), and in the main board (2.3.31.2.2 d). The neutral is bonded to earth at the service and kept separate downstream: the NEC-style equivalent of TN-C-S. Separate, independent earth systems in one building are prohibited (3.12.1 f).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>RETIE (Res. MME 40117 de 2024 as amended by Res. 40284 de 2026) with NTC 2050 segunda actualizaci\u00f3n (NEC-based)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Ground-fault (diferencial\/GFCI) protection for receptacles within 1.8 m of showers and for electric showers without a shielded element (RETIE 3.17.15); 30 mA RCD on each EV charging point (3.17.7); NTC 2050 210.8 GFCI locations also apply but were not opened<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Res. 40284 of 23 June 2026 amends RETIE in force from publication; transition rules apply.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gestornormativo.creg.gov.co\/gestor\/entorno\/docs\/resolucion_minminas_40284_2026.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CREG gestor normativo: Resoluci\u00f3n MinMinas 40284 de 2026 (RETIE consolidated)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Arts. 2.3.31.2.2 d and 3.17.8 x main bonding jumper at service equipment (NTC 2050 250.28(D)); 3.12.1 f; 3.17.15 shower GFCI; 3.17.7 EV 30 mA; status and date of the amendment<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/normograma.dian.gov.co\/dian\/compilacion\/docs\/resolucion_minminas_40117_2024.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DIAN normograma: Resoluci\u00f3n MinMinas 40117 de 2024<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RETIE 2024 base text and definitions (interruptor de falla a tierra)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Comoros<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Comoros\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cook Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cook Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The single-phase neutral must be multiple-earthed: at the source, at points along the line and on the consumer&#39;s premises (MEN). Overall neutral resistance to earth must not exceed 10 \u03a9.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity Supply Regulations 1992 and Electrical Wiring Regulations; AS\/NZS 3000 framework (PRIF)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant: verified (regs 49, 52). Standard edition: corroborated only by PRIF grouping. RCD: unverified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pacliirms.paclii.org\/ck\/legis\/sub_leg\/ea1991esr1992440.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cook Islands Electricity Supply Regulations 1992 (PacLII)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg 49: neutral multiple-earthed incl. on consumer premises; reg 52(4) \u226410 \u03a9<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cook Islands in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Costa Rica<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Costa Rica\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The C\u00f3digo El\u00e9ctrico de Costa Rica (RTCR 458:2011, Decreto 36979-MEIC) adopts NFPA 70. NEC 2014 applies to new work with plans sealed after 7 Feb 2019. The NEC bonds the neutral at the service (250.24), which is equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>C\u00f3digo El\u00e9ctrico de Costa Rica para la Seguridad de la Vida y de la Propiedad (RTCR 458:2011, Decreto 36979-MEIC, reformed by 43418-MEIC): NFPA 70 NEC 2014 for plans sealed after 7 Feb 2019<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per NEC 2014 210.8; the verification checklist (Anexo C 8.8) checks GFCIs in wet areas (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cfia.or.cr\/descargas\/2022\/Decreto-36979-MEIC-Codigo-Electrico-de-Costa-Rica-y-sus-reformas-a-Febrero-2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CFIA: Decreto 36979-MEIC C\u00f3digo El\u00e9ctrico de Costa Rica (reformed to Feb 2022)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 1 adopts NFPA 70; 5.2.7 NEC 2014 after 7 Feb 2019; Anexo C GFCI check in wet areas<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cfia.or.cr\/descargas\/2022\/Decreto-43418-MEIC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CFIA: Decreto 43418-MEIC<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reform of RTCR 458:2011 confirming NEC 2008 \/ NEC 2014 edition dates<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"HR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-HR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Croatia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-HR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Croatia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Both TN-C-S and TT are used depending on the distribution area.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Tehni\u010dki propis za niskonaponske elektri\u010dne instalacije (NN 5\/2010) \/ HRN HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard verified: the Technical Regulation for LV Electrical Installations (NN 5\/2010) applies HRN HD 60364 (incl. -4-41, -5-54). Systems, predominant and RCD: not confirmed; the HEP ODS grid code only says the operator tells the customer how the network neutral is earthed. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/narodne-novine.nn.hr\/clanci\/sluzbeni\/2010_01_5_132.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tehni\u010dki propis za niskonaponske elektri\u010dne instalacije (Narodne novine 5\/2010)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Annex B applies HRN HD 60364 (incl. 4-41 and 5-54) to design; HD 60364-6 for verification<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/narodne-novine.nn.hr\/clanci\/sluzbeni\/2018_08_74_1539.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mre\u017ena pravila distribucijskog sustava (Narodne novine 74\/2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Operator must tell LV customers how the network neutral is earthed; customer earths installation per technical regulations (Arts. 20, 31)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cuba<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cuba\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Resoluci\u00f3n 159\/2014 (MINEM) makes NC IEC 60364 mandatory. Masses must be earthed according to the chosen earthing scheme (TN, TT or IT, summarised in Annex 4), with a total earth resistance of 2 ohms or less (Art. 43).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NC IEC 60364 (mandatory under Reglamento de Seguridad El\u00e9ctrica, Res. MINEM 159\/2014)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCDs recognised as additional protection against direct contact (Art. 6 e); no specific domestic rating or location rule in the regulation<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No specific RCD requirement was found in the regulation.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/faolex.fao.org\/docs\/pdf\/cub153433.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FAOLEX: Cuba Resoluci\u00f3n 159\/2014 Reglamento de Seguridad El\u00e9ctrica<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2 NC IEC 60364 mandatory; Art. 43 earthing per scheme; Annex 4 TN\/TT\/IT; Art. 6 e RCD as additional protection<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cura\u00e7ao<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cura\u00e7ao\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Curacao utility (Aqualectra) rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Cyprus<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Cyprus\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Installations have historically been TT. TN-C-S designs are allowed only with EAC approval (Directive TM\/59\/2007).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671 (current edition) + Electricity Laws Cap. 170-171 and Electricity Regulations<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs are expected under BS 7671. Government guidance confirms it only for generator-fed circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pilot.eac.com.cy\/en\/?p=40474\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EAC (Electricity Authority of Cyprus) technical information page on fault levels and earthing<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installations may be built on the existing TT earthing system or on TN-C-S; TN-C-S needs prior EAC approval (Directive TM\/59\/2007)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mlsi.gov.cy\/mlsi\/dli\/dliup.nsf\/All\/016EC8B33F4FAB83C2257E88002C2FCB\/$file\/Egatastasi_kai_xrisi_electrogenitrion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cyprus Dept of Labour Inspection: Installation and use of generators<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installations follow the current BS 7671 and Cyprus Electricity Laws\/Regulations; generator circuits need 30 mA RCDs<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Czech Republic<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Czech Republic\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">\u010cEZ Distribuce connection conditions require the main house feeder and meter branches to be TN-C, with meter boards TN-C on the supply side and TN-C or TN-C-S on the outgoing side. Other arrangements can be agreed for isolated small customers. In houses and flats the PEN is normally split in the meter or flat board, giving TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>\u010cSN 33 2000 (HD 60364) \/ \u010cSN 33 2130 \/ DSO connection conditions (P\u0159ipojovac\u00ed podm\u00ednky NN)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs required by \u010cSN 33 2000-4-41 for additional protection; the exact socket-circuit clause was not opened.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (\u010cEZ Distribuce conditions 2.2, 2.3, 3.2). Predominant: corroborated (DSO TN-C supply with TN-C-S outgoing, plus CTU thesis stating TN-C-S is most common in Czech houses and flats). RCD: unverified. TT not mentioned in the DSO conditions and is kept only from earlier data.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cezdistribuce.cz\/file\/edee\/distribuce\/ppnn\/2024\/pripojovacipodminkynn.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u010cEZ Distribuce, P\u0159ipojovac\u00ed podm\u00ednky NN (valid from 1 Sep 2023)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Main feeder and meter branches TN-C; meter boards TN-C in, TN-C or TN-C-S out; DSO may set another arrangement for isolated small customers<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dspace.cvut.cz\/bitstream\/handle\/10467\/96684\/F3-BP-2021-Vlcek-Jan-Navrh_elektroinstalace_rodinneho_domu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">J. Vl\u010dek, Design of a family house electrical installation (CTU Prague thesis, 2021)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TN is most used in Czech houses and flats, mainly TN-C-S; PEN split in meter or flat board and not rejoined<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">C\u00f4te d&#39;Ivoire<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for C\u00f4te d&#39;Ivoire\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CD\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CD\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">DR Congo<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CD\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for DR Congo\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"DK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-DK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Denmark<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-DK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Denmark\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Most distribution transformers are operated as TT, and installations rely on an earth electrode plus mandatory RCDs. TN (nulling) installations need the grid company&#39;s approval and are typical for larger loads.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Elinstallationsbekendtgoerelsen \/ DS\/HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCDs (max 30 mA) mandatory in all dwellings since 1 July 2008.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sik.dk\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-10\/EL%20HPFI-rapport%20-%20dansk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sikkerhedsstyrelsen: Fieldtest af installerede fejlstromsafbrydere i Danmark<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RCDs mandatory in all Danish dwellings since 1 July 2008, max 30 mA; HPFI required in new dwellings since 1994<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/lex.dk\/TN-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Den Store Danske (lex.dk): TN-system<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Most Danish distribution transformers are operated as TT; TN installations need grid-company approval and are typical for larger loads; TT always needs RCD<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sik.dk\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-08\/fejlbeskyttelse_af_invertere_ved_automatisk_afbrydelse_i_tilfaelde_af_fejl.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sikkerhedsstyrelsen: Fejlbeskyttelse af invertere ved automatisk afbrydelse i tilf\u00e6lde af fejl (2024)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Describes TN (nulling) and TT fault-protection rules for Danish installations; RCD type AC may not be used in dwellings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.teknologisk.dk\/_\/media\/75899_EL%20solcelleanl%E6g%20vejledning.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sikkerhedsstyrelsen: Sikre installationer ved solcelleanl\u00e6g - Tjekliste for professionelle (May 2013), hosted by Teknologisk Institut<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Safety regulator states that TT systems are normally used in Denmark; RCD type AC may not protect PV systems in dwellings<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"DJ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-DJ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddef<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Djibouti<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-DJ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Djibouti\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"DM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-DM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Dominica<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-DM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Dominica\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE (BS 7671) Wiring Regulations as applied by the Public Works Electrical Division; DBOS DNCP 2:2022 Code of Practice for Electrical Wiring (voluntary)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/publicworks.gov.dm\/divisions\/electrical-division\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dominica Public Works: Electrical Division<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Certification done in accordance with the IEE regulations<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dominicastandards.org\/images\/docs\/dbos_standards_catalogue.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dominica Bureau of Standards catalogue<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>DNCP 2:2022 Code of Practice for Electrical Wiring<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"DO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-DO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Dominican Republic<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-DO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Dominican Republic\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Reglamento para Instalaciones Electricas (NEC-based)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"EC\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-EC\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\udde8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Ecuador<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-EC\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Ecuador\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The NEC-SB-IE residential chapter requires the TN-C-S neutral regime (sec. 8.3). The dwelling&#39;s main board has its own earth rod with an equipotential bond between the neutral and earth bars, while sub-boards keep neutral and earth separate (sec. 8.2). The service neutral is earthed (8.4).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC-SB-IE Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas Residenciales (Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcci\u00f3n, MIDUVI 2018); not the US NEC<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>No GFCI\/RCD requirement found in the NEC-SB-IE residential chapter (only overcurrent breakers); switches are prohibited in wet zones<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the MIDUVI NEC-SB-IE residential chapter.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/evirtual401.insteclrg.edu.ec\/mod\/resource\/view.php?id=6096\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MIDUVI NEC-SB-IE Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas Residenciales (copy on INSTEC Moodle)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 8.3 TN-C-S mandatory; 8.2 neutral-earth bond at the main board only; no RCD requirement<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"EG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-EG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Egypt<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-EG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Egypt\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Both TT and TN-C-S are used; the predominant system is not established.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Egyptian Code for Electrical Installations<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SV\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SV\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddfb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">El Salvador<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SV\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for El Salvador\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">SIGET adopted the 2008 US NEC as the technical standard for user installations (Acuerdo 294-E-2011). AES El Salvador&#39;s electricians&#39; manual requires every installation to have an earth electrode (5\/8 in x 5 ft rod, 25 ohms or less), with the neutral solidly grounded at the main distribution panel. This is the NEC bonded-neutral arrangement, equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC 2008 (NFPA 70) adopted by SIGET Acuerdo 294-E-2011; SIGET Acuerdo 93-E-2008 for connections<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per NEC 2008 210.8 as adopted by SIGET (not restated in the AES manual) (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aes-elsalvador.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-09\/Manual%20T%C3%A9cnico%20y%20Comercial%20para%20Electricistas%20V07.09.2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AES El Salvador: Manual t\u00e9cnico y comercial para electricistas (Sept 2021)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 2: SIGET adopted NEC 2008 (Acuerdo 294-E-2011); Sec. 7: neutral solidly grounded at the main panel, rod and 25 ohm limit<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GQ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GQ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddf6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Equatorial Guinea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GQ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Equatorial Guinea\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Iberian-derived practice: network neutral earthed, local electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Spanish-derived rules (REBT)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ER\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ER\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Eritrea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ER\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Eritrea\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEC-based rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"EE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-EE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Estonia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-EE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Estonia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">A Tallinn University of Technology thesis (2015) says parts of Tallinn&#39;s LV network still use the old 3x220 V unearthed IT system without a neutral, which Elektrilevi is replacing with TN-C in distribution. TN-S is recommended inside customer installations, and TN-C-S is seen as an interim step. Buildings from 1945-1990 commonly have TN-C. Elektrilevi&#39;s standard terms list 3x220 V among rated voltages.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>EVS-HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; the thesis notes RCDs cannot be used in TN-C.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: unverified (single university thesis; Elektrilevi terms only confirm 3x220 V supplies still exist). Predominant: not sourced. RCD: unverified. Legacy IT 3x220 V added.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/digikogu.taltech.ee\/et\/Download\/e1247e81-0aa3-4c42-97ff-4bbe8e51a722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S. Vihtol, Reconstruction of the Preesi street network from 3x220 V to 3x230\/400 V (TalTech master&#39;s thesis, 2015)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Legacy 3x220 V IT network in Tallinn being replaced with TN-C; TN-S recommended in installations; TN-C common in 1945-1990 buildings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elektrilevi.ee\/documents\/8644141\/8658446\/Kujundatud_TT_kuni63A_alates_01_jaanuar_2023_ENG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elektrilevi O\u00dc network contract standard terms up to 63 A (from 1 Jan 2023)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Rated voltages include 3x220 V as well as 3x230\/400 V<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Eswatini<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Eswatini\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Supply authorities commonly provide an earth via the combined neutral (TN-C-S); TT is used on some rural and overhead supplies.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SANS 10142-1 (with NRS 097 for embedded generation)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA earth leakage protection on socket-outlet circuits in dwellings (SANS 10142-1).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">SANS 10142-1 (sold, not freely published) is not confirmed here. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ET\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ET\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Ethiopia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ET\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Ethiopia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Ethiopian standards (IEC 60364-based)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"FK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-FK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Falkland Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-FK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Falkland Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE Wiring Regulations as amended or replaced (now BS 7671), per Electricity Supply Regulations 1969 reg. 6<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nationalarchives.gov.fk\/jdownloads\/Utilities%20-%20Fire%20Power%20and%20Water\/R-UTI-POW-1-3.%20Electricity%20Supply%20Regulations%201969.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Falkland Islands: Electricity Supply Regulations 1969<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg. 6 wiring to IEE regulations; reg. 8 Superintendent approval before supply<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"FO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-FO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Faroe Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-FO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Faroe Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Predominant system not established.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Old Danish heavy-current regulations (st\u00e6rkstr\u00f8msreglementet), still in force as of 2020<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Check local rules.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System, predominant and RCD unverified: no SEV earthing document was found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kvf.fo\/greinar\/2020\/01\/12\/new-electrical-safety-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KVF (Faroese public broadcaster): New electrical safety law (Jan 2020)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>The Faroese electrical law dates from 1993 and the old Danish heavy-current regulations still apply; a new electrical safety bill was submitted<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"FJ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-FJ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddef<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Fiji<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-FJ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Fiji\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The Electricity Regulations 2019 make AS\/NZS 3000:2018 the Wiring Rules for consumer installations. That standard uses the MEN (TN-C-S) system. The regulations require the neutral of LV three-phase four-wire systems to be earthed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000:2018, adopted by Electricity Regulations 2019 (Electricity Act 2017)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000:2018 applies: 30 mA RCD on all final subcircuits in residential installations<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified. System and predominant: corroborated (Fiji regulation adopting AS\/NZS 3000:2018, plus NZ regulations\/NZQA defining MEN as the AS\/NZS system). RCD: corroborated (2018 edition rule confirmed by WA Building and Energy).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/paclii.org\/fj\/legis\/sub_leg\/ea2017er2019387.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fiji Electricity Regulations 2019 (PacLII)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Wiring Rules = AS\/NZS 3000:2018 (reg 2, 45); neutral earthing (reg 20)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commerce.wa.gov.au\/building-and-energy\/new-wiring-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WA Building and Energy: Preview of main changes (AS\/NZS 3000:2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>All final subcircuits in residential dwellings must be RCD protected under AS\/NZS 3000:2018<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/nqfdocs\/units\/pdf\/32622.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NZQA unit standard 32622<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>MEN (multiple earthed neutral) system and earthing\/bonding taught against AS\/NZS 3000<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Fiji in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"FI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-FI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Finland<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-FI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Finland\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The DSO supply is TN-C (PEN); PE and N are separated at the main board, so the installation is TN-S from there.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SFS 6000 (HD 60364)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCDs on socket-outlet circuits (except refrigeration circuits) and on dwelling lighting circuits, per the City of Helsinki design guideline. The SFS 6000 30 mA clause is not confirmed here.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pkssahkonsiirto.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/urakoitsijaohjeet-2026-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PKS Sahkonsiirto: Urakoitsijaohjeet 2026 (Finnish DSO contractor instructions)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Connection cable is TN-C (phases + PEN); customer&#39;s TN-S (5-wire) system starts at the main board where PE and N are separated<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/hel.fi\/static\/liitteet-2019\/Kymp\/Att\/Sahkosuunnitteluohje.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City of Helsinki: S\u00e4hk\u00f6suunnitteluohje (electrical design guideline)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Socket-outlet groups get RCDs except refrigeration groups; dwelling lighting groups (incl. outdoor) RCD-protected<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"FR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-FR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">France<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-gen\" title=\"TN system, sub-type not specified by the source\">TN (type not stated)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-FR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for France\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT, IT, TN (type not stated)<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The public LV neutral is earthed at network level; homes have their own electrode (TT). TN and IT are used in private substations and industry.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>All dwelling circuits sit behind 30 mA RCDs: at least two RCDs, at most 8 circuits each, and type A (or F\/B) for the cooking, washing machine and EV charging circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les schemas de liaison a la terre - guide technique (hosted on eduscol, Ministere de l&#39;Education nationale)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme for French public distribution<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/enedis.fr\/media\/2237\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SeQuelec GP 03 - Reseaux et branchements basse tension souterrains en lotissement (Enedis)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>The public LV network neutral is earthed at each network accessory (max 50 ohm per neutral electrode), i.e. the network earth is separate from customers&#39; own earth<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reseda.fr\/app\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Presc_tech_racc_indiv_BT_conso_sup_36_kVA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">URM (now R\u00e9seda), Metz DSO: Prescriptions techniques raccordement individuel BT &gt; 36 kVA (V1.2, 2016)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>The installation&#39;s neutral scheme must be TT for connection to the URM public LV network; refers to NF C 14-100 \/ NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.balitrand.fr\/pdf\/Promotelec-brochure-NF-C-15-100-octobre2015_P.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Promotelec: brochure NF C 15-100 (Oct 2015, amendment 5)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>High-sensitivity (30 mA) RCDs: minimum 2, max 8 circuits each; type A\/F\/B for cooking, washing machine and EV circuits; type AC minimum elsewhere<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">French Guiana<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for French Guiana\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Homes supplied from the EDF SEI public LV network have their own earth electrode, separate from the network neutral earth, which is a TT arrangement. The supply&#39;s branch breaker is typically a 500 mA differential type (NF C 14-100). TN and IT are possible in installations with their own MV\/LV substation, but this was not confirmed from an opened source.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 (EDF SEI requires a Consuel attestation for connection); Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 for new dwellings<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on all final circuits of new dwellings (Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 art. 2; NF C 15-100)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">EDF SEI&#39;s guide confirms NF C 15-100 applies in this territory.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/SEI\/Actualites\/actu-martinique\/edf_guide_raccordement_sei_pdf_hd-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EDF SEI: Guide du raccordement (DOM and Corsica)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Interior installation must comply with NF C 15-100, with a Consuel-checked attestation before connection; covers Martinique, Guadeloupe (incl. Saint-Martin and Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy) and French Guiana<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000032975211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00e9gifrance: Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents d&#39;habitation)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2: each dwelling has its own earth electrode (prise de terre); all final circuits on RCDs of 30 mA or less; Art. 4: NF C 15-100 presumption of conformity; applies to new dwellings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/enedis.fr\/media\/2226\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00e9Qu\u00e9lec (Enedis, Consuel et al.) Fiche N\u00b02: disjoncteur de branchement<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>500 mA differential branch breaker (NF C 14-100); 30 mA on all final circuits in dwellings per the 2016 arr\u00eat\u00e9 and NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric &#39;Intersections&#39; guide on earthing systems (hosted by Eduscol)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme of public LV distribution in France (corroboration only)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">French Polynesia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for French Polynesia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Public network supplies are normally TT: the consumer provides an earth electrode and the supply neutral is earthed separately at the substation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs required on all final circuits (NF C 15-100 practice)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">French territory applying French installation rules. Not checked against a local official source for this territory. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Gabon<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Gabon\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Gambia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Gambia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE-derived wiring rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Georgia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Georgia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Soviet-era housing commonly has a combined neutral and earth (TN-C) with no separate protective conductor; newer work moves to TN-C-S or TN-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) with national GOST\/IEC 60364 adoptions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"DE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-DE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-DE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Germany\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The TN system is widespread (TN-C network, TN-S in buildings). Some operators hand over TT. Every new building needs a foundation earth (DIN 18014).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>DIN VDE 0100 (410:2018-10) \/ VDE-AR-N 4100 \/ TAB<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD for AC sockets up to 32 A for general use, and for outdoor final circuits with portable equipment up to 32 A (DIN VDE 0100-410).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vde.com\/resource\/blob\/2022202\/ca31f0600520fe3fc3e539b23217702a\/04-02-info-erdungsanlagen-data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VDE FNN Info: Erdungsanlagen von Gebaeuden bieten Sicherheit und Kundennutzen (2021)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TN system is the widespread system in Germany (PEN earthed at source); TT also handed over in some cases; VDE-AR-N 4100 requires an earthing system (DIN 18014) in every new building<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dke.de\/resource\/blob\/1955610\/cb1dc2097f7fccecba5f92c89b5adbef\/konzept-din-vde-0100-410-pdf-data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DKE: Konzept DIN VDE 0100-410<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>30 mA RCD required in TN and TT systems for AC sockets up to 32 A for general use and for outdoor final circuits with portable equipment up to 32 A; exception only via BetrSichV risk assessment in commercial settings<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Ghana<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Ghana\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Not confirmed. The earthing arrangement ECG\/NEDCo supply was not found in an official source.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Ghana Electrical Wiring Regulations 2011 (L.I. 2008), administered by the Energy Commission; covers indoor wiring only.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed against the regulation text.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">A 2023 university thesis applied an Energy Commission figure of under 50 ohm for consumer earth electrodes, but that was not confirmed in the regulation.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/energycom.gov.gh\/licensing\/electrical-wiring\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Commission Ghana: Electrical wiring<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Names Ghana Electrical Wiring Regulations 2011 (L.I. 2008); scope is indoor wiring<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ir.aamusted.edu.gh\/bitstreams\/0ee76077-b498-44d6-ae6f-4ec84abf136a\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mante Bismark (2023), Safety assessment of electrical installation, AAMUSTED thesis<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Describes L.I. 2008 as the primary wiring code; electrode resistance criterion under 50 ohm (context only)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Gibraltar<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Gibraltar\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">UK practice is assumed, but no Gibraltar Electricity Authority document on earthing was found.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671 (IEE\/IET Wiring Regulations), deemed compliance under the Gibraltar Electricity Authority Act<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits (BS 7671).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant are unverified. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi\/uploads\/legislations\/gibraltar-electricity-authority\/2003-02\/2003-02(07-11-25).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gibraltar Electricity Authority Act 2003 (consolidated text, gibraltarlaws.gov.gi)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>s.19(g): supply may be refused to an inadequately protected installation; compliance with IEE wiring regulations is deemed sufficient<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Greece<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Greece\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The DSO (HEDNO\/\u0394\u0395\u0394\u0394\u0397\u0395) decides the earthing system by network area, and the installation must match it. Both TT and TN exist. A university thesis says TN (neutralisation) is general nationwide except Athens, where TT remains. Foundation earthing is mandatory in new buildings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>\u0395\u039b\u039f\u03a4 HD 384<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCDs of 30 mA or less are mandatory for all power circuits in new and existing installations (Ministerial Decision F.A 50\/12081\/642\/2006; restated by HEDNO).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dsanet.gr\/Epikairothta\/Nomothesia\/ya12081_642_06.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greek Ministerial Decision \u03a6.\u0391 50\/12081\/642\/2006 (\u03a6\u0395\u039a \u0392&#39;\/1222\/5.9.2006), via dsanet.gr<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RCDs of max 30 mA mandatory in new and existing installations; foundation earthing mandatory in new buildings; ELOT HD 384 applies; older TT installations need earth resistance checks<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deddie.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/link-3-\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b4\u03b7\u03b5-\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf-\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac-hd-384-8102021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DEDDIE: inspection protocol per HD 384 (form)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installations are certified to ELOT HD 384; supply network is recorded as TT, TN or IT; RCD rating is recorded<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nereus.library.upatras.gr\/formerpat\/ptyxiakes\/ste\/ste_e\/2011-2014\/12126pe.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Patras (TEI) thesis 12126 (2013)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Neutralisation (TN) generalised nationwide except Athens, which still uses direct earthing (TT); network type set by the DSO<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deddie.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u03a5\u0394\u0395-\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9-\u0394\u0395\u0394\u0394\u0397\u0395-NEW-2026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HEDNO (\u0394\u0395\u0394\u0394\u0397\u0395): \u03a5\u0394\u0395 checks 2026<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>The installation&#39;s declared earthing system must match the system applied in that area of the network<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/deddie.gr\/en\/upiresies\/sundesi-me-to-diktuo\/egkatastasi-efedrikou-stathmou-hz\/terms-and-conditions-for-gs-auxiliary-station-connection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HEDNO (\u0394\u0395\u0394\u0394\u0397\u0395): Terms for standby generator connection<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Networks use TT or TN earthing; installations comply with HD 384; RCDs mandatory for all power circuits per the Ministerial Decision<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Greenland<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Greenland\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Where the village network has five conductors, the installation must always connect to the network&#39;s continuous protective conductor (TN-S). Other areas are not described.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Selvstyrets bekendtg\u00f8relse nr. 22 af 12. december 2019 \/ DS\/HD 60364; Nukissiorfiit supplement to F\u00e6llesregulativet 2026<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD protection on connection points up to 32 A as a rule. Nulling or double insulation are allowed alternatives.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nukissiorfiit.gl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Nukissiorfiit-Tillaeg-til-Faellesregulativet-2026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nukissiorfiit: Till\u00e6g til F\u00e6llesregulativet 2026<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Where the supply network has 5 conductors (villages etc.) the installation must always be connected to the network&#39;s continuous protective conductor; installers follow Greenland Electricity Authority and Nukissiorfiit rules<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nukissiorfiit.gl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Instruktion-EAFIS-Verifikation-DS-HD-60364-Groenland-26.-august-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lekon R\u00e5dgivning: Instruktion EAFIS verifikation DS\/HD 60364 (hosted by Nukissiorfiit)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cites Selvstyrets bekendtg\u00f8relse nr. 22\/2019; connection points up to 32 A generally RCD-protected; RCD trip times 200 ms at I\u0394n<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GD\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GD\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Grenada<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GD\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Grenada\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GP\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GP\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddf5<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Guadeloupe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GP\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Guadeloupe\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Homes supplied from the EDF SEI public LV network have their own earth electrode, separate from the network neutral earth, which is a TT arrangement. The supply&#39;s branch breaker is typically a 500 mA differential type (NF C 14-100). TN and IT are possible in installations with their own MV\/LV substation, but this was not confirmed from an opened source.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 (EDF SEI requires a Consuel attestation for connection); Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 for new dwellings<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on all final circuits of new dwellings (Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 art. 2; NF C 15-100)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">EDF SEI&#39;s guide confirms NF C 15-100 applies in this territory.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/SEI\/Actualites\/actu-martinique\/edf_guide_raccordement_sei_pdf_hd-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EDF SEI: Guide du raccordement (DOM and Corsica)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Interior installation must comply with NF C 15-100, with a Consuel-checked attestation before connection; covers Martinique, Guadeloupe (incl. Saint-Martin and Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy) and French Guiana<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000032975211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00e9gifrance: Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents d&#39;habitation)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2: each dwelling has its own earth electrode (prise de terre); all final circuits on RCDs of 30 mA or less; Art. 4: NF C 15-100 presumption of conformity; applies to new dwellings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/enedis.fr\/media\/2226\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00e9Qu\u00e9lec (Enedis, Consuel et al.) Fiche N\u00b02: disjoncteur de branchement<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>500 mA differential branch breaker (NF C 14-100); 30 mA on all final circuits in dwellings per the 2016 arr\u00eat\u00e9 and NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric &#39;Intersections&#39; guide on earthing systems (hosted by Eduscol)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme of public LV distribution in France (corroboration only)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Guam<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Guam\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). US territory.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>US NEC (NFPA 70), latest edition, adopted by Guam DPW building permit rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified. System and predominant (TN-C-S by NEC service bonding): corroborated (Guam adoption + NEC 250.24 summary). RCD: unverified locally (GFCI per NEC).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the IBC\/NEC framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/bsp.guam.gov\/wp-bsp-content\/uploads\/govarchieve\/G10-20.111.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guam DPW building permit rules, Appendix I<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 4.4: latest edition of the NEC applies to electrical construction<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ecmweb.com\/national-electrical-code\/code-basics\/article\/55312094\/nec-requirements-for-grounding-of-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EC&amp;M (Mike Holt): NEC requirements for grounding of services<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: service neutral connected to grounding electrode at service equipment; main bonding jumper; no neutral-ground bond downstream (TN-C-S in IEC terms)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Guam in the IBC\/NEC framework group<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Guatemala<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Guatemala\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Guernsey<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Guernsey\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Both PME and TT exist; the predominant system is not confirmed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations), applied under the Electricity (Guernsey) Law 2001<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits (BS 7671).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant not confirmed: no Guernsey Electricity earthing document was found. RCD rule taken from BS 7671 411.3.3. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gcra.gg\/media\/3627\/e02g-electrical-inspections-to-be-made-under-sections-19-and-20-of-the-electricity-guernsey-law-2001-draft-decision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GCRA draft decision E02G: electrical inspections under ss.19-20 of the Electricity (Guernsey) Law 2001<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installations are to comply with the IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671); Guernsey Electricity appoints inspectors for new installations<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gov.gg\/article\/6899\/The-Inspection-and-Certification-of-Electrical-Installations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">States of Guernsey: The Inspection and Certification of Electrical Installations (2012)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Guernsey Electricity carries out inspection and certification of installations under the Electricity Law<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Guinea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Guinea\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Guinea-Bissau<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Guinea-Bissau\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Iberian-derived practice: network neutral earthed, local electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Portuguese-derived rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Guyana<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Guyana\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>GPL rules; NEC-influenced practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules. In 2008 the government announced it would build a Guyana code by adapting the US NEC, moving away from British-based standards (Stabroek News). Completion was not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/stabroeknews.com\/2008\/06\/28\/news\/guyana\/guyana-to-adopt-us-electrical-code\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stabroek News (2008): Guyana to adopt US electrical code<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Government plan to base a Guyana code on the US NEC (in progress in 2008)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"HT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-HT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Haiti<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-HT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Haiti\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>No enforced national code<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"HN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-HN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Honduras<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-HN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Honduras\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"HK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-HK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Hong Kong<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-HK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Hong Kong\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Many installations have their own earth electrode (TT). Where available, the installation earth may be bonded to the supply company&#39;s earthing terminal through a removable link (TN-S style).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Code of Practice for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations (EMSD)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD of 30 mA or less on socket-outlet circuits (COP Code 11J); also required for overhead-line supplies and New Territories village houses, and in bathrooms<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">RCD rules and the supply company earthing terminal were confirmed from EMSD and HK Electric documents. Which system predominates was not stated by either source. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emsd.gov.hk\/filemanager\/en\/content_443\/COP_E_2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EMSD Code of Practice for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations, 2025 edition<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Code 11J: RCD (max 30 mA) for socket outlet circuits, overhead-line supplied installations and NT village houses<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hkelectric.com\/en\/CustomerServices\/CI\/Documents\/GCS_7th_en\/GuidetoConnectionofSupply_Chapter 8_En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HK Electric Guide to Connection of Supply, Chapter 8<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Customer earthing bonded to the supply company&#39;s earthing terminal via a removable link; 30 mA RCD in bathrooms<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"HU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-HU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Hungary<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-HU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Hungary\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">A meter-cabinet system approval issued jointly by all Hungarian DSOs (ELM\u0170, \u00c9M\u00c1SZ, the three E.ON networks and MVM D\u00e9m\u00e1sz) with MEE in 2021 gives the protective-conductor system as TN-C on the unmetered side and TN-S on the metered side. MEE material citing MSZ 447:2019 says the PEN must be split at the connection point in the main connection board, or after it if that is not feasible. TT was not mentioned in any source opened.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>MSZ HD 60364 \/ MSZ 447:2019 (connection to the LV network) \/ 40\/2017 (XII.4) NGM rendelet<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>MEE network-connection checklist: an RCD rated 30 mA or less must be present in the metered distribution board.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (joint DSO system approval). Predominant: corroborated (DSO approval TN-C unmetered \/ TN-S metered, plus MEE FAQ on MSZ 447:2019 PEN split at the connection point). RCD: unverified (MEE checklist only). The DSO approval was read from a copy on a distributor&#39;s website (mentavill.hu).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/mentavill.hu\/files\/AMPER\/Attachments\/rendszerenged\u00e9ly_HCS432MF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DSO system approval (Rendszerenged\u00e9ly) HCS432MF, ELM\u0170\/\u00c9M\u00c1SZ\/E.ON\/MVM D\u00e9m\u00e1sz with MEE VET, 1 Feb 2021 (copy on mentavill.hu)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Protective conductor system: unmetered side TN-C, metered side TN-S<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.meevet.mee.hu\/app\/webroot\/kcfinder\/upload\/files\/GYIK_2020_10_21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MEE MEEVET FAQ (21 Oct 2020)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>MSZ 447:2019 4.4.2: PE-N split at connection point in main connection board; TN-S may start from a sub-board<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.meevet.mee.hu\/app\/webroot\/kcfinder\/upload\/files\/Egys%C3%A9ges_elj%C3%A1r%C3%A1st_seg%C3%ADt%C5%91_szempontok%2C_%E2%80%93_h%C3%A1l%C3%B3zatracsatlakoztat%C3%A1shoz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MEE, Points for a uniform network-connection procedure (v01)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TN system: PEN split at the connection point; RCD with I\u0394n \u2264 30 mA required in the metered board<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Iceland<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Iceland\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Urban distribution is generally TN-C (3N~400\/230 V), and all construction in recent decades uses it, so installations are TN-C-S. TT remains in the oldest districts (e.g. older Reykjav\u00edk and Akranes) and needs a customer-owned earth electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Regluger\u00f0 um raforkuvirki nr. 678\/2009 (art. 11) with the \u00cdST HD 60364 series<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD of 30 mA or less on installations in dwellings, schools, nurseries, hotels and public buildings (Regluger\u00f0 678\/2009 art. 11.2).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/urridaholt.is\/assets\/content\/pdfs\/Jar%C3%B0tengingar_og_uppbygging_l%C3%A1gspennu-dreifikerfa_-_Orkuveita_Reykjav%C3%ADkur_ma%C3%AD_2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orkuveita Reykjav\u00edkur: Jar\u00f0tengingar og uppbygging l\u00e1gspennudreifikerfa (May 2010)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Urban LV distribution is generally TN-C 400\/230 V and used for all construction in recent decades; TT only in the oldest districts of Reykjav\u00edk and Akranes<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/files.reglugerd.is\/pdf\/0678-2009\/current\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regluger\u00f0 um raforkuvirki nr. 678\/2009 (reglugerd.is, current version)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 11.1: compliance presumed with \u00cdST HD 60364; art. 11.2: 30 mA RCD in dwellings, schools, hotels, public buildings; PE always installed in dwelling circuits<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">India<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for India\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">CEA Regulations 2023 require the supplier to provide an earthed terminal at the point of supply (reg. 18) and the LV neutral to be earthed at the consumer&#39;s premises and at further points along the network (reg. 43(ii)), which is a TN-C-S (PME-type) arrangement; installations above 250 V must add their own electrode linked to the supplier&#39;s terminal. IS 3043 describes TN-S, TN-C-S and TT, and states single-phase TT is not present in India (TT is for three-phase industrial supplies). Many homes also have a local earth pit; the share of each arrangement was not sourced.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>CEA (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations 2023; IS 732:2019 (wiring); IS 3043 (earthing)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD required on installations (reg. 44); max 30 mA for domestic installations.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the 1987 edition of IS 3043; a 2018 revision exists.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/cea-safety-regulations-2023pdf\/264347006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gazette of India: CEA (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations, 2023 (notification CEA-PS-16\/1\/2021-CEI, 8 June 2023), copy on SlideShare<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg. 18: supplier provides and maintains an earthed terminal at the point of supply; for installations above 250 V the consumer also provides an independent electrode linked to it; reg. 43(ii): LV neutral earthed at the consumer&#39;s premises and at further points along the distribution system; reg. 44: installations controlled by an RCD, max 30 mA for domestic installations<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/irade.org\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Day-2_Rishika-sharan_-Safety-and-Electric-Supply-Regulations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CEA presentation by the Chief Electrical Inspector, &#39;Safety and Electric Supply Regulations&#39; (iRADe, 2024)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg. 44: RCD not exceeding 30 mA for domestic installations; reg. 43: earth loop impedance low enough to operate protective devices<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/law.resource.org\/pub\/in\/bis\/S05\/is.3043.1987.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BIS IS 3043:1987 Code of Practice for Earthing (public.resource.org copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 6.1.2 describes TN-S (single-phase 240 V), Indian TN-S and TN-C three-phase arrangements needing a consumer electrode, TN-C-S (PME), and TT for three-phase 415 V industrial; Fig. 7 note says single-phase TT is not present in India; cl. 4.1 defers to supply authority regulations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ID\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ID\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Indonesia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ID\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Indonesia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">PUIL 2011 calls TN-C-S the most common system in Indonesia and the generally applicable one. TT is used mainly for installations with a lot of electronic or communication equipment. IT is also said to be common. TN-C is forbidden. TN-S is uncommon because PLN supplies only four conductors (three lines and a neutral) on three-phase connections.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUIL 2011 (SNI 0225:2011), based on IEC 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Additional protection by an RCD (GPAS) of 30 mA or less for socket-outlets up to 20 A used by ordinary persons (PUIL 2011 411.3.3). The RCD may sit at the main board or at each outlet. RCDs may not be used in TN-C (411.4.5).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">IT is also permitted. One academic paper says TT is common at consumers, but the code&#39;s explanatory notes give TN-C-S.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gatrik.esdm.go.id\/assets\/uploads\/download_index\/files\/d8197-buku-puil-2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUIL 2011 (SNI 0225:2011) full book, hosted by ESDM Directorate General of Electricity<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Penjelasan 312.2.1 and Table 314: TN-C-S is the most common and generally applicable system in Indonesia; 312.2.2 TT mainly for installations with much electronic\/communication equipment; 312.2.3 IT also common; TN-C forbidden; PLN supplies 4 conductors for three-phase so TN-S is uncommon; 411.3.3 30 mA GPAS for sockets up to 20 A for ordinary persons; 411.4.5 no GPAS in TN-C<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/libmast.utm.my\/Record\/oai:generic.eprints.org:88272\/Description\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UGM thesis 2011 (Trisnawiyana): comparison of TT and TN-C-S on LV networks<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TN-C-S typically used in homes, TT for larger installations; PLN network earthed at intervals<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gatrik.esdm.go.id\/assets\/uploads\/download_index\/files\/18d20-ikhtisar-buku-pedoman-keselamatan-dan-pemasangan-instalasi-listrik.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESDM: PUIL guidebook overview<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Guidebook supports PUIL 2011; has GPAS and earthing sections (content not shown)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/jurnal.polines.ac.id\/index.php\/eksergi\/article\/download\/3889\/108247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Eksergi 18(3) 2022<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cites PUIL 2011 (SNI 0225:2011); 30 mA ELCB used in TT tests<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/235684166.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hamid &amp; Abubakar, J. Electrical Technology 1(2), 2016 (Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT system still used by PLN and common at consumers; customer earth not joined to neutral<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/afeo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/White-Paper-on-Electrical-Installation-Standards-in-Building.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AFEO\/AEI-EI White Paper on Electrical Installation Standards in Buildings amongst ASEAN Countries (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Indonesia: PUIL 2011 (SNI 0225:2011) is the installation regulation<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Iran<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Iran\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Topic 13 sets TN as the general system for all buildings, type TN-C-S (or TN-S per its Appendix 1). TT, IT or safe extra-low voltage only where justified and notified in advance.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Iran National Building Regulations, Topic 13 (Mabhas 13)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs permitted for indirect-contact protection in homes and offices; not usable on circuits without a PE conductor. A general mandate was not found in the text read.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the 1382\/1392 edition; a later edition may differ.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ostad.hormozgan.ac.ir\/ostad\/UploadedFiles\/399011\/399011-1243253512436997.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran National Building Regulations, Topic 13 (Design and Implementation of Electrical Installations in Buildings), copy hosted by University of Hormozgan<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 13-0-4-1: the system for all buildings is generally TN, type TN-C-S (or TN-S per Appendix 1); 13-0-4-2: TT\/IT only where justified and notified in advance; 13-5-2-6-2: 30 mA RCDs may be used for indirect-contact protection in homes and offices; 13-5-2-6-3: RCDs not to be used on circuits without a PE conductor<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IQ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IQ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Iraq<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IQ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Iraq\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The Iraqi codes state TT is the common system and the one used by distribution in Iraq: the Ministry of Electricity earths the transformer neutral and consumers earth exposed parts to their own electrode (max 10 ohm in the installations code; 1 ohm cited for TT touch protection in the earthing code). TN-S, TN-C-S and TN-C are described; IT is not used on public supplies.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Iraqi Electrical Installations Code M.B.A 1\/402 (2015); Earthing and Lightning Protection Code M.B.A 301\/402; Conditions for Electricity Supply (1994)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD required on outdoor sockets; a general residential mA rule was not found in the parts read. Since 1995 every socket must have an earth wire for earth-leakage protection.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on a scanned copy in which some figures are illegible; check the official text.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibc.moch.gov.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%82.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iraqi Building Council (Ministry of Construction and Housing): Earthing and Lightning Protection Code, M.B.A 301\/402<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Ch. 2 sec. 2-1\/2: the common earthing system in Iraq is TT (transformer neutral earthed by the Ministry of Electricity, exposed parts to a separate local electrode); describes TN-S, TN-C-S and TN-C; IT not used on public supply networks (scanned copy)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibc.moch.gov.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iraqi Building Council: Electrical Installations Code, M.B.A 1\/402 (2015)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 2-9: TT is the system used by distribution in Iraq, consumer electrode separate from the supply neutral earth, max 10 ohm (citing BS 7671); 18\/2-3: outdoor sockets on 30 mA RCD; earth leakage protection to be marked at isolation points<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.dorar-aliraq.net\/iraqilaws\/law\/16149.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iraq: Conditions for Electricity Supply (1994), Iraqi legislation database<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2(2)(c): from 1 Jan 1995 the consumer must complete the earthing network and run a third (earth) wire to every socket for earth-leakage protection; no new connection without it<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Ireland<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Ireland\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">ESB Networks lets the customer earth be connected to the network neutral (the &#39;neutralising link&#39;), with a local earth electrode as well, so the result is TN-C-S with an extra electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>I.S. 10101 National Rules for Electrical Installations (NSAI\/ETCI)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD protection on final circuits in dwellings, including lighting circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Safe Electric registered contractors must follow I.S. 10101.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/media.esbnetworks.ie\/media\/docs\/default-source\/publications\/conditions-for-connection-to-the-distribution-system.pdf?sfvrsn=1ad65234_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESB Networks: Conditions for Connection to the Distribution System for Customers less than 100kVA (Rev 3.1, 2025)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Customer earthing follows the national (ETCI) rules; customer earth installations may be connected to the distribution system neutral<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nbco.nbco.localgov.ie\/sites\/default\/files\/4567776\/2025-07\/Presentation%208%20Final%20Draft%20Safe%20Electric%20Presentation%20CRU%20approval.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Electric presentation (CRU-approved), hosted by the National Building Control Office, 2025<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Safe Electric registered contractors must follow I.S. 10101; checks include the earthing conductor to the electrode and continuity of the main protective conductor (neutralising link); RCDs\/RCBOs where required<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersireland.ie\/News\/amendments-to-national-rules-for-electrical-installations-overview-of-is10101-2020a1-2024ac2-2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineers Ireland: Amendments to the National Rules, I.S. 10101:2020+A1:2024+AC2:2025<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RCDs on lighting circuits are required in domestic installations; open-PEN switching of the protective earth is not allowed in I.S. 10101<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/elecmagazine.com\/?p=12466\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electrical Magazine (Ireland): Distribution boards in domestic premises<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>I.S. 10101 needs a 30 mA RCD on AC final circuits supplying luminaires in dwellings; lighting and socket circuits are not to share an RCD<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Isle of Man<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Isle of Man\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Both PME and TT are likely, as in UK practice, but no Manx Utilities source confirms which is used.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits (BS 7671).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">A 2025 Isle of Man government consultation lists BS 7671 as relevant UK guidance but warns that Manx law may differ. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/consult.gov.im\/environment-food-and-agriculture\/electricity-at-work-regulations-2026\/supporting_documents\/20251201-electricity-at-work-regulations-2026-consultation-doc-al1_compressedpdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isle of Man Government: Electricity at Work Regulations 2026 consultation document (Dec 2025)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>BS 7671 is listed as the UK installation\/testing standard used for guidance; Manx legislation may differ from the UK<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Israel<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Israel\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Israeli regulations recognise &#39;ipus&#39; (TN-C-S) and &#39;protective earthing&#39; (TT), as shown by the 2025 gazette amendment that replaced the TN-C-S and TT labels with these terms. Which is predominant on IEC supplies was not sourced.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity Law 1954; Electricity Regulations (Earthing and Protective Measures against Electric Shock up to 1000 V), 1991<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on final circuits feeding sockets up to 32 A, 100 mA above 32 A, 300 mA on lines to boards (agricultural-premises regulation, 2025). Safety institute states 30 mA RCDs are required in every residential panel.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osh.org.il\/UploadedImages\/\/03_2025\/\u05d7\u05e9\u05de\u05dc \u05d1\u05d7\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd 11719.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Israel Reshumot (official gazette), 20 Jan 2025: amendment to Electricity Regulations for agricultural premises up to 1000 V<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Replaces TN-C-S and TT with the Hebrew terms &#39;ipus&#39; and &#39;protective earthing&#39; as defined in the Earthing and Protective Measures Regulations (i.e. both are recognised protection methods); installations protected by ipus or protective earthing need one or more RCDs: 30 mA on final circuits feeding sockets up to 32 A, 100 mA sockets above 32 A, 300 mA on lines to distribution boards<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osh.org.il\/UploadFiles\/07_2025\/G16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Israel National Institute for Safety and Hygiene: 2025 field findings on RCD testing<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>States that domestic RCDs are 30 mA and that installation is required in every panel of an apartment or residential building (regulation not named)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"IT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-IT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Italy<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-IT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Italy\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Users supplied directly at LV from the distributor are TT with their own earth electrode. TN-S is used where the customer owns the MV\/LV substation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>CEI 64-8<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCDs are the practical means of disconnection in TT; 30 mA on sockets up to 32 A.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.regione.emilia-romagna.it\/sicurezza-nei-luoghi-di-lavoro\/documentazione\/linee-guida\/2010\/guida-operativa-per-la-sicurezza-degli-impianti.-impianti-elettrici-n.2-cantieri\/guida-impianti-elettrici-1\/@@download\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guida operativa per la sicurezza degli impianti - Impianti elettrici N.2 Cantieri (ITACA \/ Regione Emilia-Romagna, 2010)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>LV supplies taken directly from the distributor are TT with an earth electrode independent of the public network; in TT, disconnection relies on RCDs; sockets up to 32 A need 30 mA RCDs<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"JM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-JM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Jamaica<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-JM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Jamaica\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Residential electrical provisions in the 2023 Jamaica Small Building\/Residential Code are based on the 2017 NEC, so the NEC service bonding of neutral to ground (250.24) applies, equivalent to TN-C-S. Installations need a Government Electrical Inspector certificate before connection.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>2023 Jamaica Small Building\/Residential Code (BSJ\/ICC), electrical provisions based on NEC 2017; Government Electrical Inspectorate certification<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per NEC 2017 210.8 as adopted in the residential code (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The OUR Supply Code draft only requires effective earthing and prohibits pipes as earths.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.iccsafe.org\/media\/wysiwyg\/material\/5100S23JAM-TOC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ICC\/BSJ: 2023 Jamaica Small Building\/Residential Code (TOC and preface)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Residential electrical provisions based on the 2017 NEC (NFPA 70) under a BSJ-NFPA agreement<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/our.org.jm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/6-4_draft_supply_code.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OUR Jamaica: draft Supply Code<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>SC 6.1: effective earthing, no gas or water pipes as earth, three-pin outlets; GEI certification<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"JP\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-JP\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddf5<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Japan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-JP\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Japan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The utility earths the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer (Class B earthing), kept as a separate electrode. Customer equipment is earthed to its own local electrode (Class D for 300 V or less), so homes are TT. TN systems are found in some large buildings and are becoming more common there.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Technical Standards for Electrical Equipment (METI ministerial ordinance) and its Interpretation; Internal Wiring Regulations JEAC 8001 (\u5185\u7dda\u898f\u7a0b)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Earth leakage breaker required on circuits feeding metal-cased LV equipment over 60 V (Interpretation of the Technical Standards, Art. 36), with stated exceptions; a main ELB is usual in homes<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: corroborated (IEIEJ journal paper contrasts Japan&#39;s TT with Western TN; TEPCO and Panasonic describe the separate transformer Class B earth). Predominant: corroborated (same sources). RCD: corroborated (JEMA quotes Interpretation Art. 36; the METI text itself was not readable). The rated sensitivity (15\/30 mA) for homes was not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tepco.co.jp\/service\/custom\/koujiten\/naisen\/images\/02-j.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TEPCO customer installation guide (naisen 02)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Class B earthing provided at transformer (supply side); does not by itself state the customer arrangement<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ieiej\/30\/2\/30_160\/_article\/-char\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEIEJ Journal vol.30 no.2: Verification of operation of MCCBs for one-line ground fault current on TN grounding system<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Abstract contrasts the TN grounding system in the West with the TT grounding system in Japan<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ieiej\/31\/12\/31_974\/_article\/-char\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEIEJ Journal vol.31 no.12: An evaluation of grounding system from a viewpoint of common-mode current<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Buildings using TN grounding are increasing in Japan (TN exists alongside TT)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.panasonic.biz\/jp\/terasu\/skill\/dictionary\/Btypegrounding.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Panasonic: B\u7a2e\u63a5\u5730 glossary<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Class B earth is at the transformer LV neutral and is normally a separate electrode (manufacturer, corroboration only)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jema-net.or.jp\/engineering\/dispersed\/evefa20000001du1-att\/r03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JEMA: grid-connection guidance r03<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Quotes Interpretation Art. 36: automatic earth-fault disconnection for circuits to metal-cased LV equipment over 60 V; ELBs generally used<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"JE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-JE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Jersey<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-JE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Jersey\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">New and replacement services are PME. Older SNE (TN-S) services exist. RCD plus own electrode is used where PME is not allowed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671 \/ Jersey Electricity requirements<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits (BS 7671).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The standard is backed by the Building Bye-laws Part 12 guidance, which treats BS 7671 as a way to comply. The RCD rule comes from BS 7671 411.3.3 (see the IET source).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jec.co.uk\/media\/v0mjyuxc\/pme-requirements-0114.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jersey Electricity: PME requirements<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>New and replacement services use PME subject to conditions; PME not permitted at e.g. petrol stations, campsites, pools (RCD + own electrode instead); older SNE services exist<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.je\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/Planning%20and%20building\/TD%20TGDPart122007Edition%2020110714%20mm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">States of Jersey: Technical Guidance Document Part 12 (Electrical Safety), Building Bye-laws (Jersey) 2007<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Part 12 of the Building Bye-laws is met by following BS 7671 fundamentals; BS 7671 is a recognised route for new installations; RCD function is tested<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/electrical.theiet.org\/wiring-matters\/years\/2022\/91-july-2022\/mythbusters-8-socket-outlets-must-be-protected-by-a-30-ma-rcd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IET Wiring Matters (Issue 91, July 2022): Mythbusters 8 - socket-outlets must be protected by a 30 mA RCD<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>BS 7671 reg. 411.3.3: 30 mA RCD additional protection for socket-outlets up to 32 A and for mobile equipment up to 32 A used outdoors; documented risk-assessment exception only for sockets in non-domestic &#39;other&#39; locations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"JO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-JO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Jordan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-JO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Jordan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Not confirmed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Jordan National Electrical Code<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Kazakhstan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Kazakhstan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Kazakhstan&#39;s PUE (Minenergo order No. 230 of 20 March 2015) says installations up to 1 kV in residential, public and industrial buildings should be fed from a solidly earthed source with automatic disconnection, i.e. TN. A separate earth electrode (TT) is allowed only where TN cannot give safe conditions, and then with an RCD. An isolated neutral (IT) is used where interruption on a first fault is unacceptable. Residential, public and administrative buildings must be fed from a 380\/220 V network with TN-S or TN-C-S (para. 2073). Older flats with two-wire wiring exist, but no share is sourced.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Minenergo order No. 230, 20 March 2015, reg. No. 10851)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>PUE RK para. 2138: RCDs of 30 mA or less should be used on socket circuits. Para. 2131 makes an RCD compulsory where the 0.4 s disconnection time cannot be met and there is no equipotential bonding. A fire-protection RCD up to 300 mA is recommended at the flat or house intake (para. 2143). Para. 250: 30 mA RCDs for outdoor sockets. RCDs are not allowed in four-wire three-phase (TN-C) circuits (para. 183).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (PUE RK paras. 159-161, 183). Predominant: verified as the arrangement required for residential buildings (para. 2073: TN-S or TN-C-S); share of legacy TN-C not sourced. RCD: verified (paras. 2131, 2138, 2143). Text read on zakon.uchet.kz because adilet.zan.kz needs JavaScript.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zakon.uchet.kz\/rus\/docs\/V1500010851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUE of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Minenergo order No. 230 of 20 March 2015 (text on zakon.uchet.kz)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Para. 159: TN with solidly earthed neutral; para. 160: IT where interruption unacceptable; para. 161: TT only where TN cannot be made safe; para. 183: no RCD in four-wire circuits; para. 2073: dwellings fed TN-S or TN-C-S; para. 2138: 30 mA RCD on socket circuits; para. 2143: 300 mA at intake<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Kenya<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Kenya\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">KS 662-3 (2026 draft) describes TN-S, TN-C-S (PME), TT and IT and says the earthing system depends on the application. It forbids a consumer from combining neutral and protective functions in one conductor. It does not say which arrangement Kenya Power supplies.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>KS 662 Requirements for electrical installations (KEBS). The third edition is a public review draft (March 2026) replacing KS 662:2001.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Draft KS 662-4:2026 requires 30 mA RCD additional protection for socket-outlets up to 32 A, mobile equipment up to 32 A used outdoors, and final circuits supplying luminaires in domestic premises.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not yet confirmed against the EPRA draft Electricity Supply and Installation Work Regulations 2024.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kebs.azurewebsites.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DKS-662-3-2026-PRD.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KEBS DKS 662-3:2026 public review draft<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Kenya Standard KS 662 earthing system definitions; consumer may not combine N and PE<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kebs.azurewebsites.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DKS-662-4-2026-PRD.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KEBS DKS 662-4:2026 public review draft<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>411.3.3 \/ 411.3.4: 30 mA RCD for sockets up to 32 A, outdoor mobile equipment, domestic lighting circuits<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kebs.azurewebsites.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Public-review-Draft-_DKS-662_2026_Cover-Letter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KEBS public review cover letter, DKS 662:2026<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Draft status, comments due 15 May 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Kiribati<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Kiribati\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SAA Wiring Rules (AS 3000 lineage), Electricity Regulations 1981 under the Public Utilities Ordinance<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified. System, predominant, RCD: unverified (regulations silent on earthing). No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pacliirms.austlii.edu.au\/ki\/legis\/sub_leg\/puo1977er1981494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kiribati Electricity Regulations 1981 (PacLII)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Wiring to SAA Wiring Rules Part I\/II or British Standards<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"XK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-XK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfd\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Kosovo<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-XK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Kosovo\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Mixed legacy practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEC 60364-based national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Kuwait<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Kuwait\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">TT is the specified supply arrangement: solidly earthed neutral, never earthed inside the consumer&#39;s premises. Each consumer drives a 16 mm copper-clad rod at least 3 m deep beside the intake; overall earth resistance must be under 2 ohms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>MEW R-1 Regulations for Electrical Installations (6th edition, 2013)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>ELCBs mandatory on every installation: 30 mA for all sockets and domestic apparatus, 300 mA for lighting, 300 mA (max 500 mA) for AC plant, lifts and pumps, 10 mA for underwater lighting.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mew.gov.kw\/media\/230lp1h2\/regulation-m-e-w-r-1-04-03-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kuwait MEW R-1 Regulations for Electrical Installations, 6th edition 2013<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 303: supply solidly earthed, TT system; cl. 613: neutral not earthed anywhere in consumer premises; cl. 601-602: 16 mm copper-clad rod driven min. 3 m at the intake, overall earth resistance under 2 ohms; cl. 610-611: every installation has current-operated ELCBs: 10 mA underwater lighting, 30 mA all sockets and domestic apparatus, 300 mA lights, 300 mA (max 500 mA) AC plant, lifts, pumps; fire pumps excluded<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Kyrgyzstan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Kyrgyzstan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Soviet-era housing commonly has a combined neutral and earth (TN-C) with no separate protective conductor; newer work moves to TN-C-S or TN-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) with national GOST\/IEC 60364 adoptions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Laos<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Laos\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Lao Electric Power Technical Standards (mandatory); IEC based<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: corroborated (AFEO). System, predominant, RCD: unverified. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/afeo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/White-Paper-on-Electrical-Installation-Standards-in-Building.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AFEO\/AEI-EI White Paper on Electrical Installation Standards in Buildings amongst ASEAN Countries (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Laos: Lao Electric Power Technical Standards are mandatory; British colour code being implemented<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LV\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LV\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddfb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Latvia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LV\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Latvia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The Latvenergo \/ Latvian Electrotechnical Committee standard LEK 048:2023 requires public, residential and production buildings to be fed from a solidly earthed source, i.e. a TN system. TT is allowed only where TN cannot meet the safety requirements, and then RCDs are compulsory. Where a TN-C supply changes to TN-C-S before a building&#39;s service entrance, the PEN busbar must be re-earthed (max 30 ohm).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>LBN 261-15 (Cabinet regulation No. 294, 2015, amended 2025) \/ LEK 048:2023 \/ LVS HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>LBN 261-15 (as amended by Cabinet regulation No. 355 of 17 June 2025) cl. 28.1: RCDs of 30 mA or less on general-use sockets up to 32 A, outdoor sockets up to 32 A and household lighting circuits. Cl. 28.2: 300-500 mA protection at the main board of individual dwellings. LEK 048: RCDs not for use in TN-C.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (LEK 048:2023 2.23, 2.25). Predominant: corroborated (LEK 048 TN requirement with TN-C supply changing to TN-C-S at the building, plus Riga Technical University guidance). RCD: verified (LBN 261-15 cl. 28 as amended 2025). TT re-added: LEK 048 permits it as an exception.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/latvenergo.lv\/storage\/app\/uploads\/public\/651\/d6f\/bdc\/651d6fbdcd037368924782.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LEK 048:2023 Earthing of electrical installations and electrical safety measures (Latvenergo \/ LEK)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>2.23: residential buildings fed by TN; 2.25: TT only where TN insufficient, with RCDs; 2.27: PEN re-earthed where TN-C changes to TN-C-S before the building; 2.9: 30 mA RCDs, not in TN-C<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/likumi.lv\/ta\/id\/274674\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LBN 261-15 \u0112ku iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 elektroinstal\u0101cija, Cabinet regulation No. 294 (likumi.lv consolidated)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 28.1: 30 mA RCDs on sockets up to 32 A, outdoor sockets and household lighting; 28.2: 300-500 mA at dwelling main board (2025 amendment)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/vf.rtu.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2015\/11\/07-DzEkas-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riga Technical University, building electrical design guidance (07-DzEkas-EN)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Residential buildings must use TN; TN-C, TN-S or TN-C-S chosen per installation<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LB\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LB\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\udde7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Lebanon<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LB\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Lebanon\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Not confirmed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEC-based rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Lesotho<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Lesotho\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Supply authorities commonly provide an earth via the combined neutral (TN-C-S); TT is used on some rural and overhead supplies.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SANS 10142-1 (with NRS 097 for embedded generation)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA earth leakage protection on socket-outlet circuits in dwellings (SANS 10142-1).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">SANS 10142-1 (sold, not freely published) is not confirmed here. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Liberia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Liberia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>US\/IEE mixed practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Libya<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Libya\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Both TT and TN-C-S are used; the predominant system is not established.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEC-based national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Liechtenstein<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Liechtenstein\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Swiss TN practice is likely, but no Liechtenstein DSO document was found.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NIV (LGBl. 2007 Nr. 220), which recognises the Swiss NIN<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on all socket circuits up to 32 A (NIV Art. 4(3)). In justified cases 100 mA or other measures are allowed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze.li\/konso\/pdf\/2007220000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liechtenstein: Verordnung \u00fcber elektrische Niederspannungsinstallationen (NIV), LGBl. 2007 Nr. 220 (gesetze.li consolidated)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 4(2): Swiss NIN recognised as rules of technology; Art. 4(3): all socket circuits up to 32 A need an RCD of max 30 mA<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Lithuania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Lithuania\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The General Rules for Electrical Installations (EIIBT, Energy Minister order No. 1-22 of 2012) recognise TN (TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S), TT and IT systems up to 1000 V. TT is described for hazardous rooms and outdoor sites where safe touch voltage must be ensured, and IT for sites with very high safety needs or where supply must not be cut after a first earth fault. Once the PEN is split, N and PE must not be rejoined. The text opened does not say which system is normal for homes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Elektros \u012frengini\u0173 \u012frengimo bendrosios taisykl\u0117s (Energy Minister order No. 1-22, 3 Feb 2012) \/ LST HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>EIIBT clause 196: residual-current protection for individual installations must trip at 30 mA or less; 10 mA for portable equipment (clause 246). No socket- or dwelling-specific rule was found in the text opened.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (EIIBT clauses 195-198). Predominant: not sourced. RCD: verified as a general 30 mA limit; socket-circuit rule not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-seimas.lrs.lt\/rs\/legalact\/TAD\/TAIS.418124\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elektros \u012frengini\u0173 \u012frengimo bendrosios taisykl\u0117s, Energy Minister order No. 1-22 (e-seimas.lrs.lt)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Clause 195: TN (TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S), TT and IT up to 1000 V; 196: PEN split, no rejoining, RCD 30 mA for individual installations; 197: TT uses; 198: IT uses<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Luxembourg<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Luxembourg\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The DSO technical connection conditions (TAB-BT) require the PEN to be split into PE and N in the meter cabinet for TN installations, and a DIN 18014 foundation earth in every new building. TT is not described.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>TAB-BT 2021.1 (ILR-approved) \/ DIN VDE 0100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Check local rules: TAB-BT refers to DIN VDE 0100-410, but the RCD clause was not confirmed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ettelbruck.lu\/citoyen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/TAB_BT_2021_FRANCAIS_final-version.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Luxembourg DSOs: TAB-BT version 2021.1, approved by ILR (hosted by Ville d&#39;Ettelbruck)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>For TN-based installations the PEN must be split into PE and N per DIN VDE 0100-444 in the meter cabinet; DIN 18014 foundation earth required in all new buildings; DIN VDE 0100 parts 410\/443\/540 referenced<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Macau<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Macau\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">CEM supplies 230\/400 V and building risers carry 3P + N + PE with an earth electrode for protection by automatic disconnection. The earthing system type was not stated.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>CEM NCEM C14-100 for building supply; IEC\/CENELEC and Portuguese LV installation rules referenced where Macau rules are silent<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">All facts unverified apart from the CEM supply details. The name of the Macau LV installation regulation was not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cem-macau.com\/uploads\/NCEM_PT_9d3079b795.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CEM NCEM C14-100 v1.5 (2023)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Riser 3P+N+PE; protective conductor to earth electrode; IEC\/CENELEC and Portuguese rules referenced<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Madagascar<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Madagascar\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Malawi<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Malawi\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>ESCOM \/ MBS wiring rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Malaysia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Malaysia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Each installation must have its own earth electrode system, and the supply neutral may only be earthed at one point without Commission approval; this gives a TT arrangement for typical homes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity Regulations 1994; MS IEC 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD for final circuits where hand-held appliances are used, 10 mA in wet or public-entertainment locations, 100 mA elsewhere (Electricity Regulations 1994, reg 36)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Regulations opened. They do not use the term TT, but the earthing rules describe it.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-aset.st.gov.my\/contents\/article\/polisi\/regulation_suruhanjaya\/11-Earthing_of_Installation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suruhanjaya Tenaga: Electricity Regulations 1994, Part on Earthing of Installation<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installation earth electrodes required (reg 35); neutral earthed at one point only (reg 34); RCD 10\/30\/100 mA rules (reg 36)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MV\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MV\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Maldives<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MV\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Maldives\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Not confirmed. A 2013 MEA draft allowed TN, TT or IT per IEC 60364; it was never enacted per ESCAP.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEC 60364 based; URA (formerly MEA) installation standards<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed. The 2013 draft proposed residual current protection on all installations, 30 mA for households and up to 100 mA for central AC.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Only a draft regulation was found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/policy.asiapacificenergy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Installation_Standards_Regulations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maldives Energy Authority: Draft Installation Standards Regulations (2013), ESCAP copy<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Draft only (not enacted per ESCAP entry): art. 13.4 earthing system TN, TT or IT per IEC 60364-4-44; art. 10.5 residual current protection in all installations; art. 31.1.5 household ELCB 30 mA, up to 100 mA for central AC<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ML\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ML\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Mali<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ML\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Mali\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Malta<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-gen\" title=\"TN system, sub-type not specified by the source\">TN (type not stated)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Malta\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT, TN (type not stated)<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Every installation needs its own earth electrode (16 mm\u00b2 copper earthing conductor). It may also be connected to the DSO substation earthing point where technically feasible. Water pipes are not acceptable as an earth.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity Installations Regulations (S.L. 545.09, L.N. 225 of 2010 as amended); BS 7671<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>A 30 mA RCD immediately after the overvoltage device at the intake (Electricity Installations Regulations reg. 20(5)). In multi-customer buildings a 100 mA device at the meter is allowed, followed by 30 mA at each intake.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/enemalta.com.mt\/?p=13403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enemalta: Basic safety considerations<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Properties need their own earth electrode system (water pipes not acceptable) and every property must have a working RCD<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enemalta.com.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Electricity-Installations-Regulations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Malta: Electricity Installations Regulations (as hosted by Enemalta)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg. 22: independent earth electrode(s) required, connection to DSO substation earth allowed when feasible; reg. 20(5): RCD max 30 mA after the overvoltage device; reg. 13(2): installations comply with BS 7671<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Marshall Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Marshall Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). Compact of Free Association state using US-style supply.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>US NEC-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. Standard: corroborated only by PRIF grouping.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the IBC\/NEC framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MQ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MQ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Martinique<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MQ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Martinique\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Homes supplied from the EDF SEI public LV network have their own earth electrode, separate from the network neutral earth, which is a TT arrangement. The supply&#39;s branch breaker is typically a 500 mA differential type (NF C 14-100). TN and IT are possible in installations with their own MV\/LV substation, but this was not confirmed from an opened source.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 (EDF SEI requires a Consuel attestation for connection); Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 for new dwellings<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on all final circuits of new dwellings (Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 art. 2; NF C 15-100)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">EDF SEI&#39;s guide confirms NF C 15-100 applies in this territory.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/SEI\/Actualites\/actu-martinique\/edf_guide_raccordement_sei_pdf_hd-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EDF SEI: Guide du raccordement (DOM and Corsica)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Interior installation must comply with NF C 15-100, with a Consuel-checked attestation before connection; covers Martinique, Guadeloupe (incl. Saint-Martin and Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy) and French Guiana<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000032975211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00e9gifrance: Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents d&#39;habitation)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2: each dwelling has its own earth electrode (prise de terre); all final circuits on RCDs of 30 mA or less; Art. 4: NF C 15-100 presumption of conformity; applies to new dwellings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/enedis.fr\/media\/2226\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00e9Qu\u00e9lec (Enedis, Consuel et al.) Fiche N\u00b02: disjoncteur de branchement<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>500 mA differential branch breaker (NF C 14-100); 30 mA on all final circuits in dwellings per the 2016 arr\u00eat\u00e9 and NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric &#39;Intersections&#39; guide on earthing systems (hosted by Eduscol)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme of public LV distribution in France (corroboration only)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Mauritania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Mauritania\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Mauritius<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Mauritius\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671-based rules (CEB)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD mandatory for new connections (CEB); CEB says RCD protection is required by law. Rating not stated.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.mu\/customer-corner\/frequently-asked-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Electricity Board: Frequently asked questions<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RCD mandatory for new connections; mandated by law<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"YT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-YT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfe\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Mayotte<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-YT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Mayotte\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">French overseas department: public LV distribution follows French practice, with the network neutral earthed at the substation and a separate installation earth electrode (TT).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs required at least on socket-outlet circuits (NF C 15-100).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The RCD rule is corroborated for socket-outlets; the full NF C 15-100 dwelling rules are not confirmed here.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eduscol (French Ministry of Education) STI resource: Sch\u00e9mas de liaison \u00e0 la terre<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme of French public distribution; 30 mA RCDs required for socket-outlets per NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/3336\/3336-ct173.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric Cahier Technique 173 (hosted by Eduscol)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Table of LV public distribution: France TT, 30 mA RCDs for socket outlets (manufacturer corroboration)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MX\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MX\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfd<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Mexico<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>North America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MX\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Mexico\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">NOM-001-SEDE-2012 250-24 requires the grounding electrode conductor to be connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, and 250-24(b)\/250-28 require a main bonding jumper joining the equipment grounding conductors to the neutral there. Neutral and ground stay separate downstream: the NEC-style equivalent of TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NOM-001-SEDE-2012 Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas (utilizaci\u00f3n), DOF 29 Nov 2012 (NEC-derived)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI (interruptor de circuito por falla a tierra) on 120 V 15\/20 A dwelling receptacles in bathrooms, garages, outdoors, crawl spaces, unfinished basements, kitchen countertops, within 1.80 m of other sinks and boathouses (210-8(a)); low-cost dwellings up to 60 m2 may protect the circuit at its origin instead<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">A revision of the NOM has been in preparation; check the DOF for a newer edition.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dof.gob.mx\/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5280607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOF: NOM-001-SEDE-2012, first section (Art. 210)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>210-8(a) dwelling GFCI locations and the 60 m2 exception<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dof.gob.mx\/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5280609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOF: NOM-001-SEDE-2012, second section (Art. 250)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>250-24: electrode conductor connected to the grounded service conductor; 250-24(b)\/250-28 main bonding jumper<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"FM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-FM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Micronesia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-FM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Micronesia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). Compact of Free Association state using US-style supply.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>US NEC-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. Standard: corroborated only by PRIF grouping.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the IBC\/NEC framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MD\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MD\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Moldova<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MD\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Moldova\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">NCM G.01.02:2025 requires TN-S or TN-C-S earthing in building installations, with repeat earthing of PE and PEN recommended. Working neutral and protective conductor must not share a terminal. The code still covers legacy TN-C supplies (an appliance PE connected to the PEN ahead of the RCD), and TT and IT are also referenced.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NCM G.01.02:2025 (MIDR order No. 64 of 7 May 2025) \/ ANRE Normativ for electrical installations (Moldovan PUE equivalent)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>NCM G.01.02:2025 Annex F: RCDs compulsory on socket circuits in rooms of residential buildings (F.3) and recommended for flat socket circuits (F.4), rated 30 mA or less (F.17). In major renovation of blocks of flats a 30 mA RCD goes in the floor or flat panel (18.24).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant: verified as required by NCM G.01.02:2025 cl. 18.4 (TN-S or TN-C-S); TN-C-S chosen as predominant because the code mandates TN-S\/TN-C-S and still provides for PEN supplies. The share of legacy TN-C flats is not sourced. RCD: verified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ednc.gov.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/NCM-G.01.02-2025-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCM G.01.02:2025 Electrical installations: design and installation in residential and non-residential buildings (ednc.gov.md)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>18.4: TN-S or TN-C-S required; 18.9: N and PE not on one terminal; F.3\/F.4\/F.17: RCDs up to 30 mA on dwelling socket circuits; 18.24: 30 mA RCD in renovation; F.23: legacy TN-C<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MC\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MC\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\udde8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Monaco<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MC\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Monaco\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 (required by SMEG)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on final circuits (NF C 15-100).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The earthing system and predominant are not stated by SMEG; TT is likely, as in France, but unconfirmed. RCD rule assumed from NF C 15-100. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smeg.mc\/assets\/depliant-serenis-2022-OK-page-a-page.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SMEG (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Mon\u00e9gasque de l&#39;\u00c9lectricit\u00e9 et du Gaz): Serenis leaflet 2022<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Customer LV installations must comply with the current NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Mongolia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Mongolia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Older apartment blocks follow Soviet-style TN-C; newer buildings increasingly use TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>National rules derived from PUE, with IEC 60364 influence<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ME\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ME\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Montenegro<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ME\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Montenegro\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Mixed practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>MEST HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. The 0.4 kV network neutral is directly earthed (UNDP \/ Elektroinstitut Milan Vidmar study, 2012, citing technical recommendation TP-6). A municipal design project in Kolasin uses TN-C-S for indirect-contact protection and cites MEST HD 60364-4-41. Single non-authoritative sources only. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/files.acquia.undp.org\/public\/migration\/me\/Technical-recommendation-for-distributed-source-connection.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNDP Podgorica \/ Elektroinstitut Milan Vidmar, Technical recommendation for distributed source connection (2012)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>0.4 kV network neutral is directly earthed (per TP-6)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/opstinakolasin.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Elektrotehnicki-projekat-jake-struje.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Municipality of Kolasin, electrical design project (2023)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Design uses TN-C-S for indirect-contact protection; cites MEST HD 60364-4-41<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Montserrat<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Montserrat\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE (BS 7671) Wiring Regulations and Montserrat Building Code (Electrical Installations Act schedules)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/parliament.ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8.15-Electrical-Installations-Act.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montserrat Electrical Installations Act (cap. 8.15)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sixth Schedule: wiring to the IEE Regulations and Montserrat Building Code<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Morocco<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-gen\" title=\"TN system, sub-type not specified by the source\">TN (type not stated)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Morocco\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT, TN (type not stated)<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 \/ NM 06.1.100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed against a utility document. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Mozambique<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-gen\" title=\"TN system, sub-type not specified by the source\">TN (type not stated)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Mozambique\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT, TN (type not stated)<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The LV distribution network safety regulation requires networks to run with the neutral directly earthed at substations and along the lines, global neutral earth resistance 10 ohm or less. It also allows a &#39;terra pelo neutro&#39; system, in which exposed metalwork of installations is earthed through the network neutral and consumer electrodes may serve as network earths (global resistance 5 ohm or less). Which arrangement predominates was not found.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Regulamento de Seguran\u00e7a de Redes de Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de Energia El\u00e9ctrica em Baixa Tens\u00e3o (Decreto 67\/2011) for networks; separate LV installation safety regulation for consumer installations.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; installation rules are in a separate Regulamento de Seguran\u00e7a de Instala\u00e7\u00f5es El\u00e9ctricas em BT, which was not opened.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lerenovaveis.org\/contents\/lerpublication\/regulamento-de-seguranca-de-redes-de-distribuicao-de-energia-electrica-de-baixa-tensao-decreto-67_2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mozambique Decreto 67\/2011, Regulamento de Seguran\u00e7a de Redes de Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o BT (Lerenovaveis copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 13 neutral directly earthed; Arts. 134-136 neutral earthing; Arts. 150-156 &#39;terra pelo neutro&#39; system<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Myanmar<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Myanmar\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electrical Regulations 1985 (being amended); Myanmar National Building Code electrical part; IEC\/BS practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: partly corroborated (AFEO lists no mandatory standard; mentions 1985 regulations). System, predominant, RCD: unverified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/afeo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/White-Paper-on-Electrical-Installation-Standards-in-Building.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AFEO\/AEI-EI White Paper on Electrical Installation Standards in Buildings amongst ASEAN Countries (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Myanmar: no mandatory standard listed; Electrical Regulations (1985) being amended<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Namibia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Namibia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Not confirmed. No Namibian source opened states the earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SABS 0142 \/ SANS 10142-1 (the Model Electricity Supply Regulations 1996 define the Wiring Regulations as the SABS 0142 code of practice).<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/namiblii.org\/akn\/na\/act\/gn\/1996\/71\/eng@2017-11-15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Namibia Model Electricity Supply Regulations, 1996 (GN 71 of 1996, NamibLII)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Definition of Wiring Regulations as SABS 0142; reg. 39(1) installations to comply<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Nauru<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Nauru\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000:2007 (used by Nauru Utilities Authority)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: corroborated (ADB-funded report). System, predominant, RCD: unverified. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/theprif.org\/media\/365\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IT Power \/ ADB report on safety standards for Nauru Utilities Authority (PRIF)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NUA uses AS\/NZS 3000:2007; compliance and private-sector adoption inconsistent<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NP\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NP\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddf5<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Nepal<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NP\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Nepal\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Not confirmed. The Electricity Rules require appliance earthing and earthed three-pin sockets but name no system.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity Rules 2050 (1993); Nepal National Building Code NBC 207 (electrical)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; no earth-leakage device rule in the Electricity Rules.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/policy.asiapacificenergy.org\/node\/384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nepal Electricity Rules, 2050 (1993), ESCAP policy database<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Rule 60: earthing for water heaters, AC and similar appliances and earthed three-pin sockets, consumer earthing &#39;in accordance with the technically proper system&#39;; no system type and no earth-leakage device requirement<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Netherlands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Netherlands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Operators offer an earthing facility (TN) where one is available, and it is mandatory for new connections above 3x80A. Where none is offered, the installation is TT. The TN\/TT split for homes is not confirmed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEN 1010 (required by the Besluit bouwwerken leefomgeving)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on sockets up to 32 A for general use, on outdoor portable equipment up to 32 A, and on lighting final circuits in dwellings (NEN 1010:2020).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acm.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/old_publication\/publicaties\/17196_codewijziging-veiligheid-laagspanningsnetten-inclusief-bijlage-1-tm-3-2015-07-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACM: Codewijzigingsvoorstel veiligheidsbepalingen laagspanningsnetten (2015)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Customers may use the network operator&#39;s earthing where offered; where no earthing is offered the installation is TT<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acm.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/old_publication\/publicaties\/12785_besluit-codewijziging-aardingsvoorziening-aansluitingen-groter-dan-3x80a-2014-03-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACM decision 26 March 2014: aardingsvoorziening aansluitingen groter dan 3x80A<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>New connections above 3x80A always use a TN system and the operator offers an earthing facility<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/leden.technieknederland.nl\/cms\/streambin.aspx?documentid=137329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Techniek Nederland: Webinar 13 Oct 2021, wat is nieuw in NEN 1010:2020<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEN 1010:2020 RCD 30 mA for AC sockets up to 32 A for lay use, outdoor portable equipment up to 32 A, and final circuits feeding luminaires in dwellings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iplo.nl\/regelgeving\/regels-voor-activiteiten\/technische-bouwactiviteit\/nieuwbouw\/rijksregels\/installaties-gas-elektra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IPLO (government information point): Installaties voor gas en elektra, regels bij nieuwbouw<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Electrical installations must meet the NEN 1010 safety rules under the Bbl<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NC\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NC\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\udde8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">New Caledonia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NC\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for New Caledonia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Public network supplies are normally TT: the consumer provides an earth electrode and the supply neutral is earthed separately at the substation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 (version applicable in New Caledonia; mandatory for workplaces by Arr\u00eat\u00e9 2007-2027\/GNC; required by ENERCAL and EEC supply conditions)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>ENERCAL guide: 30 mA differential breaker at the start of each circuit, with a good earth electrode (utility advice)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified. RCD: verified as utility advice (ENERCAL). System: unverified (each dwelling&#39;s own earth electrode is required, consistent with TT, but no source names the scheme). Predominant: null.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/juridoc.gouv.nc\/JuriDoc\/JdTextes.nsf\/0\/3A9F363D733007E44B258D8B001D8507\/$File\/Arrete_2007-2027-GNC_du_03-05-2007_ChG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arr\u00eat\u00e9 n\u00b0 2007-2027\/GNC (Juridoc NC)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NF C 15-100 made mandatory in premises employing workers<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enercal.nc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Conditions-Generales-de-fourniture-en-basse-tension.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ENERCAL Conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de fourniture BT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Customer installation must comply with NF C 15-100; conformity certificate before supply<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eec-engie.nc\/images\/sampledata\/abonnement\/CGV_BT_NOUMEA_applicable_au_07.06.2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EEC (Engie) CGV BT Noum\u00e9a 2023<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Interior installation must follow NF C 15-100 as applicable in New Caledonia<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enercal.nc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/guide_enercal_28p._2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ENERCAL guide (2015)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NF C 15-100 applicable in NC since 1987; earth electrode plus 30 mA differential per circuit<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">New Zealand<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for New Zealand\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Multiple earthed neutral (MEN), as in Australia: the neutral is bonded to the installation earth at the main switchboard.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000 Wiring Rules (Part 2 compulsory for small domestic installations), cited by Electricity (Safety) Regulations 2010<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD rules are those of AS\/NZS 3000 (reg 24 sets RCD performance; reg 89 RCD for hand-held appliances in damp\/outdoor use). The domestic RCD scope in AS\/NZS 3000 was not opened directly<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant: verified (regs 4 and 27: standard LV installations must be connected to a MEN system with a MEN switchboard). RCD: partly verified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/nqfdocs\/units\/pdf\/32622.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NZQA unit standard 32622<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>MEN (multiple earthed neutral) system and earthing\/bonding taught against AS\/NZS 3000<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/legislation.govt.nz\/regulation\/public\/2010\/0036\/25.0\/whole.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electricity (Safety) Regulations 2010 (NZ Legislation)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>MEN defined (reg 4); installations must connect to a MEN system (reg 27); AS\/NZS 3000 compliance (regs 57, 60); RCD performance (reg 24)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Nicaragua<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Nicaragua\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The C\u00f3digo de Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas de Nicaragua (CIEN) defines the main bonding jumper as the connection between the grounded circuit conductor and the equipment grounding conductor at the service (Art. 110). This is the NEC-style bonded neutral, equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>C\u00f3digo de Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas de Nicaragua (CIEN), enforced by INE; NEC-patterned<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on 120 V 15\/20 A dwelling receptacles in bathrooms, garages, outdoors at grade, basements, and countertops within 1.80 m of sinks (CIEN 210-8(a))<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/rise.esmap.org\/data\/files\/library\/nicaragua\/Electricity Access\/Nicaragua_CIEN Electrical Code.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESMAP RISE library: C\u00f3digo de Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas de Nicaragua (CIEN)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 110 main bonding jumper at the service; 210-8(a) dwelling GFCI locations; INE enforcement<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Niger<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Niger\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Nigeria<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Nigeria\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">NESIS (2014 NERC text) requires the neutral of LV and MV distribution systems to be earthed at multiple points: at the point of supply, every fifth pole and the terminal poles, with not more than 2 ohm to earth. It states that the consumer&#39;s earth must not be connected to the neutral conductor, which is a TT arrangement. Where the supply undertaking does provide an earthing point with a metallic return path, the consumer&#39;s earthing terminal connects to it (11.6.26(i)). Otherwise the consumer connects to their own earth electrode (11.6.26(ii)).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Nigerian Electricity Supply and Installation Standards (NESIS) Regulations 2015 (NERC\/Reg\/1\/2015), referencing BS 7671:2008, IEC 60364-5-54 and NCP 9 (National Code of Practice on Earthing). A 2025 NESIS revision is in draft.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Earth-leakage protection is required in the switchgear controlling supply to every user-site installation (NESIS 7.2.11.1.1). For residual current devices, operating current times earth-loop impedance must not exceed 40 (11.6.18). No mA rating is stated.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nerc.gov.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/NESISRegulation_V01_19062014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NERC: Nigerian Electricity Supply and Installation Standards (NESIS) Regulation 2014, V01 19-06-2014 (nerc.gov.ng)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>11.11(1)(a): LV\/MV neutral earthed in multiple (point of supply, every fifth pole, terminal poles); the consumer&#39;s earth must not be connected to the neutral conductor; (b) neutral-earth resistance at most 2 ohm; 11.6.26: connect to the supplier&#39;s earthing point where provided, otherwise to the consumer&#39;s own electrode; 11.6.18 RCD operating current x loop impedance &lt;= 40<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/policyvault.africa\/wp-content\/uploads\/policy\/NGA233.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NESIS Regulations 2015 (NERC) via PolicyVault<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Title, regulation number, normative references (BS 7671:2008, IEC 60364-5-54, NCP 9); clause 7.2.11.1.1 earth-leakage protection<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aserc.anambrastate.gov.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Draft-NESIS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Draft NESIS Regulations 2025 (Anambra State ERC copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Draft revision exists; same normative references<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Niue<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Niue\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">MEN (TN-C-S) per AS\/NZS 3000. Follows New Zealand practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000 framework (PRIF); local adoption not confirmed<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs expected on domestic circuits per AS\/NZS 3000<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Adoption assumed from regional practice, not confirmed from an opened local regulator. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Norfolk Island<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Norfolk Island\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Supply neutrals are solidly earthed and installations must follow the AS3000 multiple earthed neutral (MEN) system of earthing.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Australian Standards \/ AS3000 (AS\/NZS 3000), via Norfolk Island Electricity Supply Regulations 1986<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA earth leakage breaker required for temporary supplies and for spa baths, spa pools and swimming pools (Electricity Supply Regulations 1986 regs 7, 31); general domestic scope follows AS\/NZS 3000<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant: verified (regs 4(3), 30(1)). RCD: verified for listed locations only.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nirc.gov.au\/files\/assets\/public\/v\/1\/infrastructure\/documents\/electricity_supply_regulations_1986.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Norfolk Island Electricity Supply Regulations 1986 (NIRC)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg 30(1): earthing to AS3000 multiple earthed neutral system; regs 7, 31: 30 mA ELCB<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KP\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KP\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddf5<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">North Korea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KP\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for North Korea\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>Not recorded<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>National standards not publicly available<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No reliable public information on earthing practice.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">North Macedonia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for North Macedonia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Mixed practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>MKS HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MP\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MP\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddf5<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Northern Mariana Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MP\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Northern Mariana Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). US territory.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>US NEC, current edition (CNMI Electric Service Regulations, NMIAC 50-10-815)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified. System and predominant: corroborated (CNMI regulation + NEC 250.24 summary). RCD: unverified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the IBC\/NEC framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/policy.thinkbluedata.com\/sites\/default\/files\/Chapter%2050-10-%20Electrical%20Power%20Division%3B%20Electric%20Service%20Regulations%20of%20the%20Northern%20Mariana%20Islands%20Administrative%20Code%20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NMIAC Chapter 50-10 Electric Service Regulations<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Service entrance equipment per current NEC (\u00a750-10-815); neutral not to be used as ground conductor in premises wiring (\u00a750-10-725)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ecmweb.com\/national-electrical-code\/code-basics\/article\/55312094\/nec-requirements-for-grounding-of-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EC&amp;M (Mike Holt): NEC requirements for grounding of services<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: service neutral connected to grounding electrode at service equipment; main bonding jumper; no neutral-ground bond downstream (TN-C-S in IEC terms)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"NO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-NO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Norway<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-NO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Norway\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">230 V IT and TT networks exist alongside 230\/400 V TN. In older areas 230 V IT mainly supplies homes, while newer developments are TN. The national split is not confirmed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEK 400 (HD 60364); NEK 350 for conversions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Dwellings: every final circuit needs its own RCD of 30 mA or less (NEK 400-8-823, 823.411.3.3), unless the 412\/413\/414 protective measures of NEK 400-4-41 are used. Outdoor socket-outlets up to 32 A also need a 30 mA RCD (NEK 400-8-818).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nek.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Preview_NEK3502025no_v3.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEK 350:2025 preview - Ombygging av elektriske lavspenningsinstallasjoner fra 230 V til 400 V (NEK)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Existing Norwegian distribution includes 230 V IT and TT systems being converted to 230\/400 V TN<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/publikasjoner.nve.no\/rme_eksternrapport\/2020\/rme_eksternrapport2020_09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RME (NVE) eksternrapport 2020-09<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Norwegian LV distribution consists of 400 V TN or 230 V IT or TT networks<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/static02.nmbu.no\/mina\/studier\/moppgaver\/2023-Loekken.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NMBU master&#39;s thesis (L\u00f8kken 2023), Hallingdal Kraftnett area<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>In that DSO area, 230 V IT customers are mainly dwellings and older networks are mostly 230 V IT, while newer developments use 415 V TN<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/WWW.DSB.NO\/globalassets\/dokumenter\/elsikkerhet-els\/elsikkerhet-magasinet\/2004-06-elsikkerhet-65.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DSB Elsikkerhet magazine no. 65 (2004)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEK 400-8-818: outdoor socket-outlets up to 32 A need an upstream RCD of max 30 mA<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nek.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/NEK-400-8-823-2018_H%C3%B8ringsversjon_2017-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEK: NEK 400-8-823:2018 consultation draft (h\u00f8ringsversjon, Sept 2017)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>823.411.3.3: each consumer circuit in a dwelling protected by its own RCD of rated residual current 30 mA or less (exception where NEK 400-4-41 sections 412\/413\/414 are used); 823.543.3.1 refers to dwellings on IT or TT distribution systems; TN-C-S transition per NEK 399<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"OM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-OM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf4\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Oman<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-OM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Oman\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">OES-4 specifies separate neutral and protective conductors throughout: the distribution company&#39;s earth (fifth wire, or the cable sheath\/armour, from the transformer star point) is connected where practical, and the consumer also drives a 15 mm copper rod at least 3 m deep (max 50 ohm). The neutral must never be earthed in the installation. OES-4 notes this differs from the IEC\/BS labels; other systems need distribution company approval.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>OES-4 Electrical Installations in Buildings, 3rd edition 2019 (mandatory under PSRA Decision 8\/2021)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD on the incomer of every installation; 30 mA on socket and apparatus circuits, lighting, domestic installations and wet areas; 10 mA for underwater lighting.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/distribution.nama.om\/PDF\/Standard-%20OES-4-Electrical%20installations%20in%20Buildings%20-Third%20Edition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nama Distribution: OES-4 Electrical Installations in Buildings, Third Edition (May 2019, effective 1 Jan 2020)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 5.2.9: separate neutral and protective conductors throughout, distribution earth via the fifth wire \/ cable sheath or armour from the transformer star point, plus a consumer 15 mm copper rod min. 3 m deep, consumer earth max 50 ohm; neutral never connected to earth in the installation; other systems only with Distribution Company approval; sec. 8.8: RCD on the incomer of every installation; Table 1: 30 mA for socket and apparatus circuits, lighting, domestic installations and wet areas, 10 mA underwater lighting<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/qanoon.om\/p\/2021\/apsr20210008\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oman PSRA (formerly APSR) Decision 8\/2021, published on qanoon.om<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Makes OES-4 &#39;Electrical Installations in Buildings&#39; a mandatory standard (Official Gazette 1383, March 2021), with fines for violations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Pakistan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Pakistan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The Electricity Rules 1937 require the LV neutral to be earthed at one point only on each distinct system, and the owner to earth metal casings and frames; there is no rule for a supplier earth terminal. This points to consumer-earthed (TT-type) installations, but no source names the system.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity Act 1910 and Electricity Rules 1937; PEC Pakistan Electric and Telecommunication Safety Code (PETSAC 2014, utility side)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not mandatory in the rules read; NEPRA recommends a 30 mA RCD\/RCCB for homes.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/policy.asiapacificenergy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Electricity%20Rules1937_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pakistan Electricity Rules, 1937 (ESCAP policy database copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Rule 58: neutral of systems above 125 V earthed by two separate connections at one point only on each distinct system; rule 54\/57: metal casings and frames earthed by the owner; no supplier earthed terminal rule; no RCD provision<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nepra.org.pk\/HSE\/awareness\/2025\/Annexure-1%20Safety%20Precautions%20for%20the%20General%20Public.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEPRA: Safety Precautions for the General Public (2025)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Regulator recommends a permanent earthing system and a 30 mA RCCB\/RCD for household protection (advice, not a mandate)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Palau<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Palau\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). Compact of Free Association state using US-style supply.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>US NEC-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. Standard: corroborated only by PRIF grouping.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the IBC\/NEC framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Palestine<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Palestine\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Predominant system not established.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Local regulations<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Check local rules.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Panama<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Panama\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Panama&#39;s Reglamento de Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas (RIE, JTIA) is NEC-based; current plan reviews take NEC 2008 as the base document. JTIA Res. 424 sets the system grounding electrode rules. The NEC bonded neutral at the service (250.24) is equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Reglamento de Instalaciones El\u00e9ctricas (RIE, JTIA), base document NEC 2008; JTIA Res. 424-01 for grounding electrodes<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI receptacles in bathrooms, kitchens, exterior laundry and all exterior outlets, plus pool pump motors (Municipio de Panam\u00e1 residential checklist)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/doyc.mupa.gob.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/BOMBEROS_EL_VIVIENDA_CHECKLIST_281.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Municipio de Panam\u00e1 (DOYC): residential electrical checklist<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>GFCI locations; system grounding per JTIA 424-01; RIE with NEC 2008 as base document<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/asep.gob.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/electricidad\/reglamentaciones\/normas_tecnicas\/reglamento_instalaciones\/res424.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASEP: Resoluci\u00f3n JTIA 424 (grounding electrodes)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RIE Art. 250 Part H electrode rules; RIE derived from NFPA 70 (Res. 361 of 1998)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Papua New Guinea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Papua New Guinea\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">By-law s.36: the normal earthing system is the Multiple-Earthed-Neutral system, with earth electrodes per the Wiring Rules. The Commission may direct that the earth-leakage-circuit-breaker system be used for an installation instead.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Australian Wiring Rules (AS 3000) as adopted by the Electricity Commission Service and Installation By-laws (Electricity Commission Act Ch. 78)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed for current practice; ELCB system used where the Commission directs<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant: verified (by-laws). The consolidation dates from 1985 and may not reflect current PNG Power practice or AS\/NZS 3000 edition. RCD: unverified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/paclii.org\/pg\/legis\/PG-consol_act_1986\/eca258.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electricity Commission Act Ch. 78 with By-laws (PacLII)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Wiring Rules compliance (s.4); MEN normal earthing system and ELCB alternative (s.36); neutral earthed at source (s.10)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Paraguay<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Paraguay\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>ANDE Reglamento de baja tension<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Peru<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Peru\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">CNE-Suministro 2011: 380\/220 V networks have an effectively, multiply earthed transformer neutral (Regla 017.B). Customer installations must have their own protective earth whether or not a neutral is supplied (032.B.1), which is TT. Legacy 220 V three-wire networks without a neutral (IT-type supply) are to be kept only until they are replaced (017.A).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>C\u00f3digo Nacional de Electricidad - Utilizaci\u00f3n 2006 (RM 037-2006-MEM\/DM, amended RM 175-2008-MEM\/DM); CNE-Suministro 2011 for networks<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Every installation must be protected by an RCD (interruptor diferencial); 30 mA or less where non-qualified persons use the equipment; dwellings follow Regla 150-400; an RCD never replaces earthing (CNE-U Regla 020-132 as amended by RM 175-2008-MEM\/DM)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The CNE requires the customer&#39;s own protective earth, so TN-C-S is not listed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.www.gob.pe\/uploads\/document\/file\/95751\/RM_214_2011_DM.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MINEM (gob.pe): CNE-Suministro 2011 (RM 214-2011-MEM\/DM)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Regla 017.B multi-earthed neutral for 380\/220 V; 017.A legacy 220 V three-wire systems transitional; 032.B.1 customer installations need their own protective earth<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/faolex.fao.org\/docs\/pdf\/per85512.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FAOLEX: RM 175-2008-MEM\/DM amending CNE-Utilizaci\u00f3n<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Regla 020-132 RCD mandatory, 30 mA or less for non-qualified users, dwellings per 150-400; 060-000 earthing mandatory<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Philippines<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Philippines\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The PEC follows NEC practice: the grounded (neutral) conductor is bonded to the equipment grounding conductor only at the service equipment, functionally TN-C-S. Many 230 V supplies are line-to-line from a 115\/230 V three-wire secondary.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) 2017 Part 1, Article 2.50 Grounding and Bonding (NEC-based)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI for bathrooms, outdoor receptacles, kitchen receptacles near sinks, laundry areas (PEC, NEC-derived) - from a study guide only<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified (DPWH) and corroborated (AFEO). System: unverified (only an exam study guide on PEC service bonding). Predominant: null. RCD: corroborated (AFEO cites GFCI for wet areas; study guide lists locations).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dpwh.gov.ph\/DPWH\/sites\/default\/files\/issuances\/DO_088_s2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DPWH Department Order (2017) on Item 1109 Grounding Systems<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Grounding must conform to PEC Part 1 Article 2.50<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/open-exam-prep.com\/study-guides\/ph-prc-electrical-engineering\/pec1-safety-sizing-protection\/pec-fundamentals-safety-grounding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PEC fundamentals study guide (open-exam-prep)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Neutral-ground bond only at service via main bonding jumper; GFCI locations (non-authoritative)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/afeo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/White-Paper-on-Electrical-Installation-Standards-in-Building.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AFEO\/AEI-EI White Paper on Electrical Installation Standards in Buildings amongst ASEAN Countries (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Philippines: PEC covers almost every installation; GFCI for wet areas; white neutral, green ground<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Poland<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Poland\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Energa-Operator&#39;s technical standard gives the LV supply network as TN-C, occasionally TT, with customer networks TN-S or TN-C-S. The building regulation requires a separate protective and neutral conductor in distribution and final circuits, so new installations are TN-S inside the building. TN-C installations were built until the mid-1990s.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Rozporz\u0105dzenie w sprawie warunk\u00f3w technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiada\u0107 budynki (Dz.U. 2002 nr 75 poz. 690, consolidated) \u00a7 183 \/ PN-HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>The building regulation (WT, \u00a7 183) requires residual-current devices as supplementary shock protection. The 30 mA rating comes from PN-HD 60364-4-41, which was not opened.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (Energa ST-Z01 3.3; WT \u00a7 183). Predominant: verified (TN-C supply plus TN-S\/TN-C-S customer network). RCD: verified that RCDs are required; 30 mA rating not confirmed from an opened source. SEP article notes TN-C was built until the mid-1990s.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energa-operator.pl\/upload\/wysiwyg\/dokumenty_do_pobrania\/ogolne\/standardy_techniczne\/ST_Z01_Kablowe_rozdzielnice_szafowe_i_szafki_pomiarowe_nn.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energa-Operator ST-Z01 Cable distribution cabinets and LV metering cabinets<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>3.3(c): supply LV network TN-C, occasionally TT; 3.3(d): customer LV network TN-S or TN-C-S<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/api.sejm.gov.pl\/eli\/acts\/DU\/2015\/1422\/text.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation on technical conditions for buildings, consolidated text (api.sejm.gov.pl)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a7 183(1): separate protective and neutral conductor in distribution and final circuits; residual-current devices as supplementary protection; main and local bonding<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sep.com.pl\/opracowania\/Niektore%20ustalenia%20norm%20i%20przepisow%20dotyczacych%20instalacji%20elektrycznych.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H. Markiewicz (Wroclaw Univ. of Technology), Some provisions of standards and regulations on electrical installations (SEP)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TN-C installations built in Poland until the mid-1990s; regulation requires TN-S or TN-C-S throughout<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Portugal<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Portugal\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The supply neutral is earthed by the DSO; the installation has its own electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>RTIEBT (Portaria 949-A\/2006)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>The customer&#39;s main board must provide differential protection (E-REDES). The 30 mA rule for dwellings was not confirmed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/parc.ipp.pt\/index.php\/neutroaterra\/article\/download\/4423\/2180\/7395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neutro \u00e0 Terra (ISEP technical-scientific journal) article on LV earthing<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installations supplied directly by the public distribution network are currently made only to the TT scheme<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-redes.pt\/sites\/eredes\/files\/2021-05\/DIT-C14-100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E-REDES DIT-C14-100\/N Ed.7 (2021): solu\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas normalizadas de liga\u00e7\u00e3o BT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installation rules refer to RTIEBT (Portaria 949-A\/2006); customer-owned main board must provide main switch, overcurrent and differential protection<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/143397406.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FEUP (University of Porto) master&#39;s thesis, M. F. Soares de Almeida (2016): Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para a Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o Peri\u00f3dica de Instala\u00e7\u00f5es El\u00e9tricas sem T\u00e9cnico Respons\u00e1vel<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Section 6.12.2 covers only TT (&#39;Esquema TT \u2013 Neutro \u00e0 terra&#39;) because the other schemes are less usual in private-service installations; notes many residential installations still lack an earth electrode<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Puerto Rico<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>North America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Puerto Rico\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). US territory.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NFPA 70 (NEC) 2017 via C\u00f3digo de Construcci\u00f3n de Puerto Rico 2018, plus the PREPA Reglamento Complementario al C\u00f3digo El\u00e9ctrico Nacional<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">ICC-NTA reports that OGPE adopted the 2018 PR Building Code (effective 15 Nov 2018) with NFPA 70 2017 for electrical work. This is a single non-government source, so the entry stays unverified. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-nta.org\/code-update\/puerto-rico-commonwealth-code-alert\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ICC-NTA: Puerto Rico Commonwealth code alert<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>OGPE adopted the 2018 PR code; NFPA 70 2017 governs electrical work with the PREPA complementary rules<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"QA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-QA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf6\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Qatar<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-QA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Qatar\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral solidly earthed. Where KAHRAMAA provides an earthing point the customer&#39;s earth connects to it (TN-S); otherwise copper electrodes are driven at least 2 m below the summer water table (TT). The code does not use the TN\/TT labels; they are inferred.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>KAHRAMAA Electricity Wiring Code 2018<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Whole installation protected by a residual\/earth-fault current device; 30 mA RCD on all bathroom final circuits and pool circuits (100 mA allowed for ceiling-void fan coils).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No socket-circuit mA rating is given in the sections available.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/km.qa\/CustomerService\/ServiceRegulations\/ELECTRICTY WIRING CODE 2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KAHRAMAA Electricity Wiring Code 2018<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 5.1: customer earth connects to KAHRAMAA earthing point where provided; 5.2: otherwise local copper electrodes driven 2 m below the summer water table, and entire installation protected by a residual\/earth-fault current device; 7.8.2: all bathroom final circuits on 30 mA RCD (100 mA allowed for ceiling-void fan coils); 7.1.15.4: pool circuits on 30 mA RCD<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Republic of the Congo<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Republic of the Congo\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"RO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-RO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Romania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-RO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Romania\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TN-C<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">An Electrica distribution (Transilvania Nord) service-connection specification provides protection against indirect contact by connection to neutral (&#39;legarea la nul&#39;, i.e. TN) under STAS 12604. The dwelling meter box has a terminal block for the working neutral, the protective neutral and the service neutral, so the PEN is split there (TN-C-S). With a concentric service cable the meter-box neutral need not have its own earth electrode. Building installations follow Normativ I7-2011. TT was not mentioned in any source opened.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Normativ I7-2011 (MDRT order 2741\/2011) \/ STAS 12604 \/ SR HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Meter-box (FDCP) RCD of 300 mA at the connection (DEER\/Electrica). A supplementary RCD in the customer&#39;s panel must be coordinated with it and rated 10-30 mA. A general 30 mA socket-circuit rule under I7-2011 was not confirmed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (Electrica ETN-ST-15-033 and DEER ST 113, both naming the TN scheme at the connection). Predominant: still unverified, because both documents come from the same DSO group (DEER, formerly Electrica), which covers only part of Romania; TN-C-S is inferred from the separate protective-neutral conductor required from the meter box. RCD: 300 mA at the meter box verified for that DSO; customer 10-30 mA supplementary RCD from the same spec; 30 mA rule under I7-2011 unverified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.distributie-energie.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ETN-ST-15-033-Bransamente-mf.-cond.-concentrice.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electrica FDEE Transilvania Nord, ETN-ST-15-033 Service connections with concentric cables (distributie-energie.ro)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Indirect-contact protection by &#39;legarea la nul&#39; per STAS 12604; meter box terminals for working neutral, protective neutral and service neutral; 300 mA RCD in meter-box breaker<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/reteleelectrice.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/documente-diu-consumatori-producatori.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Re\u021bele Electrice Rom\u00e2nia, installation file documents for consumers and producers<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Building installations must comply with Normativ I7-2011, approved by MDRT order 2741\/2011<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.distributie-energie.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ST-113-JT-FDCP-Ed.U1-Rev.2-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Distribu\u021bie Energie Electric\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia (DEER): ST 113-JT FDCP, Ed. U1 Rev. 2 (in force 19 March 2024)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>4.2.10 e): indirect-contact protection by connection to the network neutral and a local earth electrode (TN scheme); protective-neutral bar in the box; 4.3 e): FDCP RCD 300 mA, customer supplementary RCD 10-30 mA; 4.3 d): customer feeder must include a protective neutral conductor<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"RU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-RU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Russia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-RU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Russia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">PUE 7 makes TN the default for installations up to 1 kV. TT is allowed only where TN cannot give safe conditions, and IT is for cases where supply must not be interrupted. Dwellings and public buildings must be fed from a 380\/220 V network with TN-S or TN-C-S, and older 220\/127 V networks being rebuilt must move to the same. Older flats wired before this rule are often two-wire TN-C, but no source opened gives a share.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE 7th ed. (ch. 1.7 approved by Minenergo order No. 204 of 8 July 2002; ch. 7.1) \/ SP 256.1325800.2016 \/ GOST R 50571 (IEC 60364)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>PUE 7.1.79: RCDs of 30 mA or less should be used on socket circuits. PUE 7.1.82: 30 mA RCDs are compulsory for outdoor sockets and sockets in high-risk rooms such as bathroom zone 3. A fire-protection RCD up to 300 mA is recommended at the flat or house intake (7.1.84). RCDs must not be used in four-wire TN-C circuits (1.7.80).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (PUE 1.7.3, 1.7.57-1.7.59). Predominant: verified as the arrangement PUE 7.1.13 requires for new and rebuilt dwellings (TN-S or TN-C-S); the share of legacy TN-C flats is not sourced. RCD: verified (PUE 7.1.79-7.1.84). PUE text read on legal-information portals that reproduce the regulation; the government-hosted SP 256.1325800.2016 copy was opened but its earthing-system clauses could not be read.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/rulaws.ru\/acts\/Prikaz-Minenergo-RF-ot-08.07.2002-N-204\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUE 7th ed., Minenergo order No. 204 of 8 July 2002 (chapters 1.1, 1.2, 1.7, 1.9 etc.), text on rulaws.ru<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Defines TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT (1.7.3); installations up to 1 kV normally TN (1.7.57); IT where interruption is unacceptable (1.7.58); TT only where TN safety cannot be ensured (1.7.59); no RCD in TN-C (1.7.80)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pravo.ppt.ru\/pravila\/73574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUE 7th ed., sections 6 and 7 (ch. 7.1 residential and public buildings), text on pravo.ppt.ru<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>7.1.13: supply from 380\/220 V network with TN-S or TN-C-S; 7.1.79: RCD 30 mA or less on socket circuits; 7.1.82: 30 mA RCD compulsory outdoors and in high-risk rooms; 7.1.84: up to 300 mA RCD recommended at intake<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/22.mchs.gov.ru\/uploads\/resource\/2023-03-02\/8cd1efa9150e03022668bf3a9b3922e2.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SP 256.1325800.2016 Electrical installations of residential and public buildings (Minstroy order 602\/pr), copy on MChS regional site<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Current design code for dwellings; 30 mA RCD in bathrooms with sockets (10.2), outdoor sockets (A.5.4), recommended for indoor sockets of single-family houses (A.5.4)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"RW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-RW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Rwanda<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-RW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Rwanda\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>RS 116-1 Electrical wiring of premises: Low-voltage installations (Rwanda Standards Board), cited in RURA&#39;s draft 2023 regulation on electrical installation services.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The standard is the Rwandan RS 116-1, not an NF C 15-100 derivative.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rura.rw\/fileadmin\/Documents\/Energy\/RegulationsGuidelines\/Draft_Regulation_Governing_Electrical_Installation_Services_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RURA Draft Regulation Governing Electrical Installation Services 2023<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 21 lists RS 116-1 Electrical wiring of premises; draft, unsigned<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"RE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-RE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">R\u00e9union<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-RE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for R\u00e9union\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">French overseas department: public LV distribution follows French practice, with the network neutral earthed at the substation and a separate installation earth electrode (TT).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs required at least on socket-outlet circuits (NF C 15-100).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The RCD rule is corroborated for socket-outlets; the full NF C 15-100 dwelling rules are not confirmed here.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eduscol (French Ministry of Education) STI resource: Sch\u00e9mas de liaison \u00e0 la terre<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme of French public distribution; 30 mA RCDs required for socket-outlets per NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/3336\/3336-ct173.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric Cahier Technique 173 (hosted by Eduscol)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Table of LV public distribution: France TT, 30 mA RCDs for socket outlets (manufacturer corroboration)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"BL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-BL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde7\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saint Barth\u00e9lemy<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-BL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saint Barth\u00e9lemy\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Homes supplied from the EDF SEI public LV network have their own earth electrode, separate from the network neutral earth, which is a TT arrangement. The supply&#39;s branch breaker is typically a 500 mA differential type (NF C 14-100). TN and IT are possible in installations with their own MV\/LV substation, but this was not confirmed from an opened source.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 (EDF SEI requires a Consuel attestation for connection); Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 for new dwellings<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on all final circuits of new dwellings (Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 art. 2; NF C 15-100)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">EDF SEI&#39;s guide confirms NF C 15-100 applies in this territory. Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy and Saint-Martin are collectivit\u00e9s with their own competences in some building matters; EDF&#39;s guide lists them under its Guadeloupe office.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/SEI\/Actualites\/actu-martinique\/edf_guide_raccordement_sei_pdf_hd-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EDF SEI: Guide du raccordement (DOM and Corsica)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Interior installation must comply with NF C 15-100, with a Consuel-checked attestation before connection; covers Martinique, Guadeloupe (incl. Saint-Martin and Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy) and French Guiana<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000032975211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00e9gifrance: Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents d&#39;habitation)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2: each dwelling has its own earth electrode (prise de terre); all final circuits on RCDs of 30 mA or less; Art. 4: NF C 15-100 presumption of conformity; applies to new dwellings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/enedis.fr\/media\/2226\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00e9Qu\u00e9lec (Enedis, Consuel et al.) Fiche N\u00b02: disjoncteur de branchement<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>500 mA differential branch breaker (NF C 14-100); 30 mA on all final circuits in dwellings per the 2016 arr\u00eat\u00e9 and NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric &#39;Intersections&#39; guide on earthing systems (hosted by Eduscol)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme of public LV distribution in France (corroboration only)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saint Helena<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saint Helena\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671 (assumed)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saint Kitts and Nevis\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LC\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LC\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\udde8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saint Lucia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LC\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saint Lucia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SLNS\/BS 7671 (Saint Lucia adoption of the IEE\/IET Wiring Regulations), published by SLBS<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/slbs.dev\/en\/project\/show\/slbs:proj:139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SLBS: SLNS\/BS 7671 Requirements for Electrical Installations<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Saint Lucia national standard adopting BS 7671 is published<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.stlucia.gov.lc\/pr2003\/new_electrical_standards_for_saint_lucia.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Government of Saint Lucia (2003): New electrical standards for Saint Lucia<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installation standard based on the IEE Wiring Regulations 16th edition<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"MF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-MF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saint Martin (French)<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-MF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saint Martin (French)\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Homes supplied from the EDF SEI public LV network have their own earth electrode, separate from the network neutral earth, which is a TT arrangement. The supply&#39;s branch breaker is typically a 500 mA differential type (NF C 14-100). TN and IT are possible in installations with their own MV\/LV substation, but this was not confirmed from an opened source.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100 (EDF SEI requires a Consuel attestation for connection); Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 for new dwellings<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on all final circuits of new dwellings (Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 art. 2; NF C 15-100)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">EDF SEI&#39;s guide confirms NF C 15-100 applies in this territory. Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy and Saint-Martin are collectivit\u00e9s with their own competences in some building matters; EDF&#39;s guide lists them under its Guadeloupe office.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/SEI\/Actualites\/actu-martinique\/edf_guide_raccordement_sei_pdf_hd-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EDF SEI: Guide du raccordement (DOM and Corsica)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Interior installation must comply with NF C 15-100, with a Consuel-checked attestation before connection; covers Martinique, Guadeloupe (incl. Saint-Martin and Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy) and French Guiana<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000032975211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00e9gifrance: Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents d&#39;habitation)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2: each dwelling has its own earth electrode (prise de terre); all final circuits on RCDs of 30 mA or less; Art. 4: NF C 15-100 presumption of conformity; applies to new dwellings<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/enedis.fr\/media\/2226\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00e9Qu\u00e9lec (Enedis, Consuel et al.) Fiche N\u00b02: disjoncteur de branchement<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>500 mA differential branch breaker (NF C 14-100); 30 mA on all final circuits in dwellings per the 2016 arr\u00eat\u00e9 and NF C 15-100<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sti.eduscol.education.fr\/sites\/eduscol.education.fr.sti\/files\/ressources\/techniques\/681\/681-gt-schemas-neutre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric &#39;Intersections&#39; guide on earthing systems (hosted by Eduscol)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TT is the typical scheme of public LV distribution in France (corroboration only)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"PM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-PM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saint Pierre and Miquelon<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>North America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-PM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saint Pierre and Miquelon\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">French rules: TT supply with a consumer earth electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs on all final circuits (NF C 15-100)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed from a local source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced. The 2016 dwelling arr\u00eat\u00e9 (own earth electrode, 30 mA on all final circuits) is national French law, but the EDF SEI guide opened does not cover Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, so local application was not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000032975211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00e9gifrance: Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 3 ao\u00fbt 2016 (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents d&#39;habitation)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 2: each dwelling has its own earth electrode (prise de terre); all final circuits on RCDs of 30 mA or less; Art. 4: NF C 15-100 presumption of conformity; applies to new dwellings<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"VC\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-VC\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\udde8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-VC\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671-based practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"WS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-WS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfc\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Samoa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-WS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Samoa\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">MEN (TN-C-S) per AS\/NZS 3000. AS\/NZS 3000 is the reference standard.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000 framework (PRIF); standards under the Electricity Act 2010<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs expected on domestic circuits per AS\/NZS 3000<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">MEN and AS\/NZS 3000 are referenced in a Samoan government safety guide, but no Samoan rule stating the supply earthing system was opened. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcil.gov.ws\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Occupational-Safety-and-Health-Guide_Electrical_22_04_21_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Samoa MCIL Occupational Safety and Health Guide: Electrical (2021)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Refers to AS\/NZS 3000 and to MEN systems; installations to meet standards under the Electricity Act 2010<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">San Marino<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for San Marino\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows Italian practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Legge 28 ottobre 2005 n.148 (installation safety): work to &#39;regola d&#39;arte&#39;, CEI-compliant materials deemed compliant<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Italian TT practice is likely but unconfirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm\/on-line\/home\/archivio-leggi-decreti-e-regolamenti\/documento17023261.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Repubblica di San Marino: Legge 28 ottobre 2005 n.148, Disposizioni in materia di sicurezza degli impianti<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Covers electrical installations from the supplier&#39;s delivery point; installers must work &#39;a regola d&#39;arte&#39;; CEI-compliant materials deemed compliant; declaration of conformity required<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Saudi Arabia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Saudi Arabia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">SBC 401 recognises TN, TT and IT system earthing (IEC 60364 based) and does not say which one SEC supplies. No SEC document stating the domestic arrangement was found; SEC&#39;s EV standard uses a TT-type leakage criterion (Id &lt; 50\/RE).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SBC 401 Saudi Electrical Code (2018); Saudi Distribution Code<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on each circuit feeding socket-outlets up to 20 A in wet areas, temporary installations, outdoors or for outdoor portable equipment (SBC 401, 2007 text).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The RCD rule is confirmed for the 2007 SBC 401 text; the 2018 edition keeps an RCD additional-protection clause.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/fkec.com.sa\/website\/uploads\/Electrical_Requirements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SBC 401 Saudi Electrical Code (2007 edition text), hosted by FKEC<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 31-2.2: TN, TT and IT system earthing types recognised; 31-2.2.2\/41-3.1.4: TT with independent consumer electrodes, RA x Ia &lt;= 50 V; 41-2.5.3: 30 mA RCD on each circuit feeding socket-outlets up to 20 A in wet areas, temporary installations, outdoors or for outdoor portable equipment<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbc.gov.sa\/ar\/BC\/Documents\/tableofcontent2018\/SBC%20401\/SBC401_CR_T2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Saudi Building Code National Committee: SBC 401 (2018) Code Requirements, table of contents<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>2018 edition keeps clauses for types of system earthing (31-2.2), TN, TT and IT systems (41-1.4 to 41-1.6) and additional protection by RCDs (41-5.1); full clause text not included<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/alfozanaward.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/8-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Saudi Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Technical Guide for Mosque Construction, Sec. 8 Electrical Requirements (based on SBC 401), hosted by alfozanaward.org<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Describes TN (PEN allowed) and TT systems following SBC 401; RCDs generally used in TT systems; 30 mA RCD for sockets up to 32 A (scanned copy, partly illegible)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/evreporter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/EV_Charging_Systems_EVCS_Technical_Standard_Unidirectional.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SEC Technical Standards for Unidirectional EV Charging Systems<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cites SBC 401 as the installation reference; earth-leakage condition Id &lt; 50\/RE (TT-type criterion); defers installation rules to the Saudi Distribution Code; no earthing system named<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Senegal<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Senegal\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The rural electrification agency ASER prescribes TT for collective LV distribution: neutral earthed at the source, protective conductor earthed separately at each building. Mini-grid operators may instead earth households through multiple earthing of a combined neutral\/protective conductor. Subscriber electrode resistance must be 30 ohm or less (100 ohm with extra measures plus differential protection).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NS 01-001 (2009) R\u00e8gles des installations \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 basse tension (ASN), mandatory.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>ASER requires a differential breaker, maximum 30 mA, at least type A, with test button, in each home.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The standard is the Senegalese NS 01-001 (ASN catalogue), not just an NF C 15-100 derivative. The predominant TT arrangement and the RCD rule are confirmed for ASER (rural electrification) installations; urban Senelec practice is not separately confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/bdd.pseau.org\/outils\/ouvrages\/aser_giz_directive_sur_les_minima_techniques_et_normes_environnementales_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASER, Minima techniques &amp; R\u00e8gles environnementales (May 2023)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a7178-180, \u00a7333: TT recommended for collective distribution, TN-C option for mini-grids; \u00a7183-187 electrode; \u00a7201 30 mA type A RCD per home<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/asn.sn\/fr\/node\/1473\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASN: NS 01-001 R\u00e8gles des installations \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 basse tension<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Senegalese standard NS 01-001 (2009), marked mandatory, scope up to 1000 V AC<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"RS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-RS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Serbia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-RS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Serbia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The Regulation on technical norms for LV electrical installations (Sl. list SFRJ 53\/88, Sl. list SRJ 28\/95) covers TN-C, TN-S, TT and IT systems, with system types defined by JUS N.B2.730. A separate regulation on protection of LV networks requires the network neutral to be earthed at the substation and at several points along the line, and recognises protection by connection to the neutral (&#39;nulovanje&#39;, i.e. TN). The sources opened do not say which arrangement is usual for homes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Pravilnik o tehni\u010dkim normativima za elektri\u010dne instalacije niskog napona (Sl. list SFRJ 53\/88, 54\/88; Sl. list SRJ 28\/95) \/ SRPS HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>The 1988 regulation says an RCD of 30 mA or less is not enough on its own for indirect-contact protection in a circuit without a protective conductor (Art. 58), and RCDs must disconnect all live conductors (Art. 55). A mandatory 30 mA socket rule was not found.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (1988 regulation Arts. 55, 110, 150, 153, 169; text on the Vojvodina provincial government site). Predominant: not sourced. RCD: not confirmed as a requirement.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psegs.vojvodina.gov.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/10-Pro.El_.energ_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pravilnik o tehni\u010dkim normativima za elektri\u010dne instalacije niskog napona (Sl. list SFRJ 53\/88, SRJ 28\/95), copy on Vojvodina provincial government site<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TN-C (PEN must not be broken, Art. 169), TN-S, TT (Arts. 59, 150) and IT (Arts. 110, 153) covered; RCD rules Arts. 55, 57, 58<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/psegs.vojvodina.gov.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/11-Pro.El_.energ_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pravilnik o tehni\u010dkim normativima za za\u0161titu niskonaponskih mre\u017ea i pripadaju\u0107ih TS (Sl. list SFRJ 13\/78, SRJ 37\/95), copy on Vojvodina provincial government site<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>LV network neutral earthed at substation and repeatedly along the line (Art. 15); &#39;nulovanje&#39; defined (Art. 3)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SC\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SC\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\udde8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Seychelles<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SC\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Seychelles\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671-based rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Sierra Leone<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Sierra Leone\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE-derived wiring rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Singapore<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Singapore\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">EMA&#39;s licensing syllabus refers to the TT and TN-S earthing systems used in Singapore. Which predominates for homes was not stated.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SS 638 Code of Practice for Electrical Installations, mandatory under the Electricity (Electrical Installations) Regulations reg 13(2)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCCB 30 mA (0.1 s) on all final circuits up to 60 A; 100 mA on final circuits over 60 A (EMA single-line diagram checklist)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (EMA). Predominant: not sourced, null. RCD: verified (EMA SLD checklist; the regulations also require a high-sensitivity RCCB where cables are concealed, reg 15(3)).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/elise.ema.gov.sg\/eguides\/AdditionalInformationForLicensedElectrician.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EMA: Additional information for licensed electricians<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Syllabus item: &#39;TT and TN-S earthing system in Singapore&#39;<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/elise.ema.gov.sg\/eguides\/SLD_Details_for_EISI_220403.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EMA: SLD details for electrical installation submissions<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RCCB 30 mA 0.1 s for final circuits \u226460 A; 100 mA for final circuits &gt;60 A<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/policy.asiapacificenergy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Electricity%20(Electrical%20Installations)%20Regulations%20(2019%20Ed.).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electricity (Electrical Installations) Regulations (2019 Rev. Ed.)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg 13(2) compliance with SS 638; reg 15(3) high-sensitivity RCCB with concealed cables<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SX\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SX\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddfd<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Sint Maarten<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SX\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Sint Maarten\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC-influenced practice<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Earthing follows North American practice, but local adoption and enforcement were not confirmed from an official source. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Slovakia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Slovakia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">ZSD&#39;s metering rules require meter boards to be wired to TN-C or TN-C-S. Since 2000, Slovak standards require TN-S throughout new and renovated buildings, so a TN-C supply is converted to TN-C-S at the distribution board.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>STN 33 2000 (HD 60364) \/ STN 33 2130<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs for bathroom and outdoor sockets and fixed equipment in bathroom zones 1-2, under STN 33 2000 parts; general socket-circuit rule not confirmed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (ZSD rules 6.1.1, 6.2.1). Predominant: corroborated (ZSD TN-C\/TN-C-S plus TU Ko\u0161ice lecture on TN-S in buildings and TN-C to TN-C-S conversion). RCD: unverified (lecture only). TT was dropped from the list: no source opened mentions it.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zsdis.sk\/documents\/93274\/ZSD_Pravidla_pre_prevadzkovanie_a_montaz_merania_1807.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZSD, Pravidl\u00e1 pre prev\u00e1dzkovanie a mont\u00e1\u017e merania elektrickej energie (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>6.1.1: meter boards wired to TN-C or TN-C-S; 6.2.1: semi-direct metering cabinets TN-C<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dusan.medved.website.tuke.sk\/Subory\/16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D. Medve\u010f (TU Ko\u0161ice), lecture on installation requirements under STN 33 2000<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TN-S throughout new buildings since 2000; partial renovation converts TN-C to TN-C-S; 30 mA RCD for bathroom and outdoor sockets<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Slovenia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Slovenia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The technical guideline TSG-N-002:2021 (published by the ministry under the Rules on LV installations in buildings) describes TN-S, TN-C (only for conductors of 10 mm2 Cu \/ 16 mm2 Al or more), TN-C-S (PE and N never rejoined after the split), TT (protective earth at the building) and IT. The distribution operator&#39;s connection conditions state which earthing system applies. The sources opened do not say which is usual for homes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Pravilnik o zahtevah za nizkonapetostne elektri\u010dne in\u0161talacije v stavbah (Uradni list 2021) \/ TSG-N-002:2021 \/ SIST HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>TSG-N-002:2021 4.5(15): RCDs of 30 mA or less may be used as supplementary protection; RCDs must disconnect all live conductors (3.3.2). A specific socket-circuit or dwelling rule was not found in the text opened.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (TSG-N-002:2021 section 2(4)). Predominant: not sourced. RCD: partly verified (30 mA as supplementary protection). The 2021 rules on protection of LV networks define TN for networks.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.si\/assets\/ministrstva\/MNVP\/Dokumenti\/Graditev\/TSG-N-002_2021_nizkonapetostne_instalacije.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tehni\u010dna smernica TSG-N-002:2021 Nizkonapetostne elektri\u010dne in\u0161talacije (gov.si)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Section 2(4): TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S, TT, IT described with conditions; 3.1(9): operator conditions include earthing system; 4.5(15): 30 mA RCD as supplementary protection<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uradni-list.si\/glasilo-uradni-list-rs\/vsebina\/2021-01-4063\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pravilnik o za\u0161\u010diti nizkonapetostnih omre\u017eij in pripadajo\u010dih transformatorskih postaj (Uradni list RS 2021)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Defines TN system for LV networks; rules apply up to the protective element of the building installation<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SB\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SB\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\udde7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Solomon Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SB\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Solomon Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>&#39;Wiring Rules&#39; (Solomon Power licensing); AS\/NZS 3000 framework per PRIF<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Small island utility; no authoritative statement of the earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.solomonpower.com.sb\/sites\/default\/files\/Regulatory\/SIEA%20Grade%20A%20&amp;%20B%20Licence%20Requiments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solomon Power: licence requirements<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Electricians must know the &#39;Wiring Rules&#39; (standard not named)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Somalia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Somalia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE-derived rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ZA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ZA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddff\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">South Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ZA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for South Africa\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Municipal utility standard (City Power Johannesburg) specifies TN-C-S earthing for LV reticulation. The Electrical Conformance Board describes TT as impractical in most of Southern Africa because of high soil resistivity and says it is not recommended in South Africa. TN-S remains on older cable supplies.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SANS 10142-1 (incorporated in the Electrical Installation Regulations; referenced as the safety standard in municipal electricity supply by-laws). Network earthing: SANS 10292.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA earth leakage protection on socket-outlet circuits (SANS 10142-1).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The RCD rule comes from a single manufacturer guide citing SANS 10142-1, and the clause number is not confirmed. The full SANS 10142-1 text (sold, not freely published) and Eskom LV earthing documents are not confirmed here.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etenders.gov.za\/home\/Download?blobName=821f984a-fcb8-4093-a839-967d1f89ae89.pdf&amp;downloadedFileName=CP_TSSTAN_209_Township+Reticulation+Services_Rev0+%28002%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City Power Johannesburg CP_TSSTAN_209 Standard for Township Reticulation Services (Rev 0, July 2025)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Clause 13.2: LV earthing to be TN-C-S per SANS 10292; neutral earthed at\/near transformer star point<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ecb.org.za\/coc\/electricians\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electrical Conformance Board of South Africa: CoC guide for electricians<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Lists TN-C-S, TN-S and TT earth fault loop paths; TT impractical in most of Southern Africa and not recommended in South Africa; refers to SANS 10142-1:2020 Ed 3<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openbylaws.org.za\/akn\/za-cpt\/act\/by-law\/2010\/electricity-supply\/eng@2018-08-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City of Cape Town Electricity Supply By-law 2010 (consolidated 2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Defines the safety standard as SANS 10142-1 incorporated in the Regulations<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/safehousesa.co.za\/guide-sockets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safehouse sockets guide<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>States the wiring code (SANS 10142-1) requires socket outlets to be protected by 30 mA earth leakage<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"KR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-KR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf0\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">South Korea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-KR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for South Korea\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Most low-voltage consumers are fed from KEPCO&#39;s multi-earthed-neutral (TN-C) network, but their installations are built as TT with a separate local earth. Since 2021 the Korea Electrotechnical Code (KEC) uses IEC 60364 system types, and TN systems (including TN-C-S with an extra earth at the service entrance) are used in new work.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Korea Electrotechnical Code (KEC, from 2021), based on IEC 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCDs (\ub204\uc804\ucc28\ub2e8\uae30) are needed for shock protection in TT installations; 30 mA is typical. Exact KEC scope not opened<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: corroborated (KIIEE 2010, KAIS 2021 and Disaster Information Society 2024 papers). Predominant TT: corroborated (KIIEE 2010; KAIS 2021 describes TT as the system in use at LV consumers). RCD: unverified (KEC clause text not opened).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koreascience.or.kr\/article\/JAKO201019657417120.page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KIIEE Journal 24(6) 2010: Evaluation of the protection performance of TT and TN systems for LV consumers<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Most domestic LV consumers are supplied from KEPCO&#39;s TN-C system while installations follow TT-based standards<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kais99.org\/jkais\/journal\/Vol22No06\/vol22no06p68.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">J. Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 22(6) 2021: Safety test device for grounding system based on IEC 60364<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Korea adopted IEC 60364 earthing types from 2021; TT is in use at LV consumers; RCD essential for TT<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koreascience.or.kr\/article\/JAKO202430243391261.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">J. Society of Disaster Information 20(3) 2024 (Park &amp; Park)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Rules revised from January 2021 to align with IEC 60364; TN\/TT\/IT now adopted; existing sites use older arrangements<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/inside114.com\/entry\/KEC-%EC%A0%81%EC%9A%A9-%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%A0%84-%EC%A0%90%EA%B2%80-%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80-%EB%B3%80%EA%B2%BD-%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%94-%EB%82%B4%EC%9A%A9-1%ED%8E%B8-%EC%A0%91%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KEC inspection-criteria summary (citing Korea Electrical Engineers Association)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>KEC TT definition and TN-C-S service-entrance earth check (secondary summary)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SS\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SS\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">South Sudan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SS\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for South Sudan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE-derived rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ES\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ES\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Spain<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-gen\" title=\"TN system, sub-type not specified by the source\">TN (type not stated)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ES\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Spain\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT, IT, TN (type not stated)<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Installations supplied directly from the public LV network are TT, with the network neutral earthed by regulation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>REBT (RD 842\/2002), ITC-BT-08<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCDs of 30 mA or less protect all dwelling circuits, with one RCD for every five circuits (ITC-BT-25 2.1 and 2.3.2).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/pdf\/2002\/BOE-A-2002-18099-consolidado.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Real Decreto 842\/2002 REBT, consolidated text, ITC-BT-08 (BOE-A-2002-18099)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installations supplied directly from the public LV network use the TT scheme (ITC-BT-08 1.4); ITC-BT-01 defines high sensitivity RCDs as 30 mA or less<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plcmadrid.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/ITC-BT-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ITC-BT-25 (REBT) text, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda heading, hosted by PLC Madrid<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>One or more RCDs of max 30 mA protect all circuits; one RCD per five circuits in basic and elevated electrification<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"LK\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-LK\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf1\ud83c\uddf0<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Sri Lanka<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-LK\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Sri Lanka\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Supply neutrals are earthed at or near the source. On new LV connections the licensee makes available its neutral and, where available, its protective conductor; consumers may not combine N and PE. Where no protective conductor is offered the installation relies on its own electrode (TT). Shares not sourced. PUCSL guidance also says each building should have a proper earthing system with an earth electrode of not more than 10 ohm in dry weather.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Electricity (Safety, Quality and Continuity) Regulations 2016; BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations) adopted as the Sri Lanka requirement<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>PUCSL guidance: a 30 mA RCD shall be used for personnel safety in domestic installations, and an RCD-type trip switch should be installed in every building. The 2016 regulations themselves do not set an RCD rule.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pucsl.gov.lk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Regulations-on-Electricity-Safety-Quality-Continuity.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sri Lanka Electricity (Safety, Quality and Continuity) Regulations 2016 (Gazette 1975\/44), PUCSL<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg. 16(b): every supply neutral earthed at or near the source; reg. 17: consumer must not combine neutral and protective functions in one conductor; reg. 58: on new LV connections the licensee makes available its neutral and, where available, its protective conductor; reg. 71: Sri Lanka Standard requirements = BS 7671:2008 or later; RCDs not mentioned<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.lk\/front_img\/img_reports\/1532508776Supply_Services_Code_DD4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CEB Supply Services Code<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 3.1.1(j)-(k): internal wiring must comply with the IEE (IET) Wiring Regulations and be certified by an accredited electrician before connection<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pucsl.gov.lk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/English-Safety-Guideline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUCSL: Electrical safety guideline for schools (English, 2023)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>30 mA RCD shall be used for personnel safety in domestic installations; RCD trip switch in every building; building earthing system with electrode resistance not above 10 ohm<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/customstoday.media\/sri-lanka-utility-regulator-surveys-electrical-safety-in-households\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Customs Today: Sri Lanka utility regulator surveys electrical safety in households (PUCSL study)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Trip switches (RCDs) present in about 90% of homes; PUCSL recommends licensees ensure trip switches at new connections (news report, not the PUCSL document)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SD\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SD\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\udde9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Sudan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SD\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Sudan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>IEE-derived rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Suriname<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Suriname\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>EBS rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative statement of the domestic earthing system found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Sweden<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Sweden\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TN-C<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Service cables are four-core TN-C; the installation becomes TN-S inside (TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SS 436 40 00 \/ ELSAK-FS<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>ELS\u00c4K-FS 2008:1 (4 kap. 4 \u00a7) required 30 mA RCDs on socket-outlets up to 16 A in dwellings and schools. Its replacement, ELS\u00c4K-FS 2022:1, leaves the detail to the standards (SS 436 40 00), with an exemption when extending pre-1994 dry rooms.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vattenfalleldistribution.se\/globalassets\/3.-partners\/installator\/supporten\/filer\/eldistributions-installationsregler112024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vattenfall Eldistribution: Installationsregler (Nov 2024)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Service cables are normally four-core TN-C; standby generation on TN-C must be connected as TN-S<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/lagen.nu\/elsakfs\/2008:1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ELS\u00c4K-FS 2008:1 (lagen.nu)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>4 kap. 4 \u00a7: supplementary protection by RCD max 30 mA for sockets up to 16 A in dwellings, schools, preschools; replaced by ELS\u00c4K-FS 2022:1<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/lagen.nu\/elsakfs\/2022:1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ELS\u00c4K-FS 2022:1 (lagen.nu)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Transitional rule: extending an existing dry room in a dwelling built under ELS\u00c4K-FS 1994:7 or older needs no RCD; no explicit socket RCD clause in the regulation itself<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"CH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-CH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Switzerland<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-CH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Switzerland\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">TN systems are used; older installations may still be TN-C (Nullung Schema III).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NIN SN 411000<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD for general-use sockets up to 32 A (NIN 4.1.1.3.3).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esti.admin.ch\/inhalte\/pdf\/NIV_I\/Deutsch\/Publikationen\/2010_2009\/38_bull09_10_fehlerstrom_D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESTI Bulletin: Fehlerstrom-Schutzeinrichtungen (Eidgenoessisches Starkstrominspektorat)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NIN 4.1.1.3.3 requires 30 mA RCDs for general-use sockets up to 32 A; TN-S installations; older TN-C (Nullung Schema III) installations exist and are to be renovated<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.romande-energie.ch\/images\/files\/entreprises\/Installateurs-electriciens\/pdie-ch_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDIE-CH 2018 (Prescriptions des distributeurs d&#39;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, Swiss WV-CH), Romande Energie<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>3.1: the TN system must be used as protection system; any other needs DSO consultation; foundation earth electrode admitted for new buildings<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"SY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-SY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Syria<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-SY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Syria\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Practice is inconsistent.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>National rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD use varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ST\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ST\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ST\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Iberian-derived practice: network neutral earthed, local electrode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Portuguese-derived rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not confirmed. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Taiwan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Taiwan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The customer rules require system earthing of the grounded (neutral) conductor on the supply side of the service box, meter box or main switch box, with a local Class 3 electrode (\u2264100 \u03a9 for \u2264150 V to earth). The neutral may be joined to the equipment earthing conductor at one of those points only, which gives a TN-C-S-type arrangement; common earthing is mandatory where a customer transformer secondary exceeds 150 V to earth. How many homes actually bond neutral and earth was not confirmed.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>\u7528\u6236\u7528\u96fb\u8a2d\u5099\u88dd\u7f6e\u898f\u5247 (Rules for Customer Electrical Equipment Installation, MOEA)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Leakage breakers on branch circuits where practical and for listed equipment (Art. 87); outlets in bathrooms, near kitchen sinks, on balconies and outdoors need a personnel leakage device of 6 mA or less, 0.1 s (Art. 89)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The system and RCD rule come from a professional-body seminar summary of the 2023 rules and a Taipei-hosted earthing table, not the official rule text, so they are unconfirmed. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.laws.taipei.gov.tw\/lawatt\/Law\/A040100050002800-20210317-25000-001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Table 25 &#39;Types of earthing&#39; (Taipei City Government law attachment)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Earthing classes and resistance limits; Class 3 for customer LV equipment and internal wiring system<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.ntnu.edu.tw\/~t83006\/lee\/pdf\/research%20and%20study\/970314-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NTNU lecture slide on earth leakage breakers (2008)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Locations where leakage breakers are required under indoor wiring rules Art. 59<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/lighting.org.tw\/images\/File\/Edm_F3266.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 seminar slides on the Customer Electrical Installation Rules (lighting.org.tw)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Art. 90\/93: neutral system earthing at service; neutral-equipment earth joined at one point only; Art. 87\/89 leakage breakers and 6 mA personnel devices<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gazette2.nat.gov.tw\/EG_FileManager\/eguploadpub\/eg024133\/ch04\/type1\/gov31\/num5\/images\/AA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Yuan Gazette: \u5c4b\u5167\u7dda\u8def\u88dd\u7f6e\u898f\u5247 renamed \u7528\u6236\u7528\u96fb\u8a2d\u5099\u88dd\u7f6e\u898f\u5247, partial amendment explanation and comparison table (2018)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Official rule text (Art. 298-9) refers to the grounded conductor being joined to the grounding electrode on the supply side of the building disconnecting means under Art. 27(1); the general service-earthing and leakage-breaker articles are not in the amended text shown<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TJ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TJ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddef<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Tajikistan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TJ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Tajikistan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Soviet-era housing commonly has a combined neutral and earth (TN-C) with no separate protective conductor; newer work moves to TN-C-S or TN-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) with national GOST\/IEC 60364 adoptions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Tanzania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Tanzania\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>TZS IEC 60364 \/ TANESCO rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TH\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TH\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\udded<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Thailand<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TH\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Thailand\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The national installation standard (EIT\/\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e17.) selects TN-C-S: the supply neutral is bonded to the earthing system at the service equipment, with an earth electrode there, and kept separate downstream.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>EIT (\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e17.) Electrical Installation Standard for Thailand (B.E. 2556 edition and later); MEA\/PEA rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>PEA guidance: 30 mA RCD on higher-risk subcircuits (wet areas, bathrooms, kitchens, basements, outdoor circuits, water heaters), used together with an earth wire<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System and predominant: corroborated (Schneider Thailand FAQ citing the EIT standard; RMUTL lecture notes on service-equipment bonding citing EIT ch. 4\/NEC). TT kept as permitted alternative but its use was not sourced. RCD: corroborated (PEA statement as reported by Thairath).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-corroborated\" title=\"Two independent reputable technical sources agree\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Corroborated<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.se.com\/th\/th\/faqs\/FA335640\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric Thailand FAQ FA335640<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Thailand&#39;s installation standard (EIT) selects TN-C-S (manufacturer, corroboration)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.rmutl.ac.th\/montri\/assets\/ee06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMUTL lecture notes ch. 6 Earthing<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Service equipment earthing on the supply side; main bonding jumper joins neutral to equipment earth (cites EIT ch. 4)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thairath.co.th\/news\/local\/2506241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thairath: PEA guidance on RCDs<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>30 mA for shock protection; install on wet-area, bathroom, kitchen, outdoor and water-heater circuits; use with earth wire<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TL\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TL\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf1<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Timor-Leste<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TL\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Timor-Leste\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>EDTL rules; IEC based<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Installation practice varies. A consumer earth electrode (TT) is the usual assumption, but this was not confirmed. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Togo<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Togo\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows French-derived practice: earthed network neutral, local electrode at the installation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100-derived national rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the French\/Belgian technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TO\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TO\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf4<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Tonga<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TO\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Tonga\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">MEN: an earth rod at least 1.2 m deep, and the MEN link only in the main switchboard.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>AS\/NZS 3000 (tables reproduced from the 2007 edition); Electrical Contractor By-Laws 1985 under the Tonga Electric Power Board Act<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD for domestic and general use, including wet zones, bathroom outlets, kitchen counter outlets and exterior outlets; 10 mA in hospital\/critical areas<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System, predominant and RCD: verified from a Tonga wiring-requirements presentation carrying Electricity Commission forms (PCREEE event). Standard edition in force not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcreee.org\/sites\/default\/files\/event\/files\/presentations\/D3%20-%2001%20TEC%20Wiring%20Requirements_Asita%20Langi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TEC Wiring Requirements (A. Langi, PCREEE)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>MEN link in MSB only; earth rod; 30 mA RCD domestic, wet zones, kitchen and outdoor outlets<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Tonga in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TT\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TT\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf9<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Trinidad and Tobago<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TT\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Trinidad and Tobago\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>TTS 171 Part 1:2015 Trinidad and Tobago Electrical Wiring Code, Part 1: Low voltage installations (1st revision), enforced by the Government Electrical Inspectorate<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The national installation standard TTS 171 is not confirmed here, so the earthing system and GFCI scope are unconfirmed. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.news.gov.tt\/archive\/E-Gazette\/Gazette%202016\/Legal%20Notice\/Legal%20Notice%20No.%208%20of%202016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TT Gazette: Legal Notice No. 8 of 2016<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>TTS 171 Part 1:2015 low voltage wiring code declared (effective 30 Nov 2015)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpu.gov.tt\/electrical-inspectorate-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MPU: Government Electrical Inspectorate Services Division<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>GEISD enforces the Trinidad and Tobago Electrical Wiring Code<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Tunisia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Tunisia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">STEG&#39;s LV technical referential adopts the TT scheme; the LV line neutral is earthed at the distribution substation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>National wiring standard not confirmed (NF C 15-100 practice assumed in the previous entry); STEG BT technical referential.<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed for domestic circuits; the PV referential sets inverter-side residual current limits only.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The source covers grid-connected PV on LV only, so the domestic wiring standard and RCD rule are not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Referentiel_technique_des_installations_PV.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STEG R\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel technique des installations PV raccord\u00e9es au r\u00e9seau BT (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Section 3.2: TT scheme adopted; LV neutral earthed at the distribution substation<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TR\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TR\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Turkey<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TR\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Turkey\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The Internal Electrical Installations Regulation classifies systems per TS 3994 and defines TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S and TT. Earthing details are in the separate Regulation on Earthing in Electrical Installations (Official Gazette 24500, 21 Aug 2001). The sources opened do not say which arrangement is most common for dwellings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Elektrik \u0130\u00e7 Tesisleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (amended to 2020) \/ Elektrik Tesislerinde Topraklamalar Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (2001) \/ TS HD 60364<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>In the regulation text opened, Art. 39(c) only recommends residual-current protection in installations with protective conductors, especially in high-risk areas such as bathrooms. Socket circuits must have household circuit breakers (Art. 52). A mandatory 30 mA rule was not found; later amendments or the earthing regulation may add one.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (regulation Art. 3(a)(14)). Predominant: not sourced. RCD: verified only as a recommendation in the text opened; earlier data claimed a 30 mA requirement in dwellings, which was not confirmed. Text read from a copy hosted by ELDER (association of distribution companies).<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elder.org.tr\/Content\/files\/111610e4-4505-400c-9ee0-9c3a2d4efd47.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elektrik \u0130\u00e7 Tesisleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (consolidated, copy hosted by ELDER)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Defines TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S, TT per TS 3994; refers to the 2001 Earthing Regulation; Art. 39(c) recommends RCDs; Art. 52 socket circuits on household breakers<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Turkmenistan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Turkmenistan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Soviet-era housing commonly has a combined neutral and earth (TN-C) with no separate protective conductor; newer work moves to TN-C-S or TN-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) with national GOST\/IEC 60364 adoptions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TC\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TC\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\udde8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Turks and Caicos Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TC\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Turks and Caicos Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The FortisTCI customer handbook requires installations to follow the TCI Building Code and the NEC, and requires the customer to ground the service at the service entrance (25 ohms or less). This is the NEC bonded-neutral arrangement, equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>TCI Building Code and NEC (NFPA 70), edition not stated<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per the adopted NEC 210.8 (not restated by FortisTCI) (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortistci.com\/files\/1\/5f1ee16e4efbe.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FortisTCI customer handbook<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installations to the TCI Building Code and NEC; service grounded at the service entrance, 25 ohms or less<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"TV\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-TV\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddfb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Tuvalu<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-TV\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Tuvalu\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>SAA Wiring Rules (AS 3000 lineage), Electricity Regulations Cap. 32.20.1<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified. System, predominant, RCD: unverified. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/paclii.org\/tv\/legis\/consol_act_2008\/tecaer611\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuvalu Electricity Regulations Cap. 32.20.1 (PacLII)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Reg 9(1): wiring to SAA Wiring Rules Part I; materials to Part II or British Standards<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"VI\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-VI\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddee<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">US Virgin Islands<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Central America &amp; Caribbean<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-VI\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for US Virgin Islands\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">DPNR&#39;s final electrical inspection requires the supervising electrician to certify compliance with the latest edition of the NEC. The NEC bonds the neutral at the service (250.24), which is equivalent to TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC (NFPA 70), latest edition, enforced by DPNR inspection<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI per the latest NEC 210.8 as applied by DPNR (not confirmed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">29 V.I.C. ch. 5 itself still refers to the National Board of Fire Underwriters wiring regulations; a 2024 bill to update the building codes was in committee.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dpnr.vi.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Final-Electrical-Inspection.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DPNR: Final electrical inspection form<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Certification of compliance with the latest edition of the NEC<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dlca.vi.gov\/pdf\/29_VIC_Chap_5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DLCA: 29 V.I.C. Chapter 5 (Building Code)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a7294(b)(2) wiring to NBFU regulations; \u00a7312(b) Commissioner regulates electrical equipment<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdbgdr.vihfa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IFB-Package-002-2022-VIHFA-DR-STT-R1-Attachment-B-Electrical-Specs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIHFA: electrical specifications (IFB 002-2022)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Work to the latest NFPA 70 and utility requirements; service ground rod of 25 ohms or less<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 250.24: grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at the service, with main bonding jumper (the NEC arrangement adopted by reference)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"UG\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-UG\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddec<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Uganda<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-UG\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Uganda\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The 2019 national building code requires a consumer earth beside the supply terminals in every installation, and requires the supply neutral to be bonded to the earth tape under multiple neutral earthing. The licensed electricity service provider&#39;s representative does that bonding. The code defines PME as an arrangement found in TN-C-S systems.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>National Building (Standards for Electrical Installations in Buildings) Code, 2019 (S.I. 2019 No. 58); earthing to follow the current IEE Wiring Regulations (para. 34(13)).<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Residual current operated circuit breakers must be included in consumer units for earth-fault protection (para. 10(34)); the code does not state a mA rating.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">A neutral-to-earth bond is required in every installation.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kcca.go.ug\/media\/docs\/The National Building (Standards for Electrical Installations In Buildings) Code, 2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The National Building (Standards for Electrical Installations in Buildings) Code, 2019 (KCCA copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>S.I. 2019 No. 58; para. 3 PME definition; para. 34(1),(10),(11),(13) earthing; para. 10(34) RCCBs in consumer units<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"UA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-UA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Ukraine<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-UA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Ukraine\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">DBN V.2.5-23:2010 requires new and rebuilt civil buildings, including dwellings, to be fed from a 380\/220 V network with TN-S or TN-C-S. It recommends splitting the PEN at the building intake board, and for detached houses the split must be made before the incoming protective device. Ukraine&#39;s PUE ch. 1.7 also defines TT and IT. Older stock wired as two-wire TN-C is common, but no source opened gives a share.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>DBN V.2.5-23:2010 \/ DBN V.2.5-27-2006 \/ PUE:2006 (ch. 1.7, Ministry of Fuel and Energy order No. 305 of 28 Aug 2006)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>PUE:2006 ch. 1.7 allows RCDs of 30 mA or less as additional protection against direct contact and says RCDs should not be used in TN-C. DBN V.2.5-23 requires bathroom zone 3 sockets to be on an isolating transformer, SELV\/PELV or an RCD. A general rule for all dwelling socket circuits was not found in the text opened.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (DBN V.2.5-23 cl. 2.1; PUE:2006 1.7.26). Predominant: verified as the arrangement required for new and rebuilt buildings; legacy TN-C share not sourced. RCD: partly verified (30 mA as additional protection, no RCD in TN-C, bathroom zone 3); no general 30 mA socket-circuit rule found.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-construction.gov.ua\/files\/new_doc\/3084989669637621022\/2023-04-20\/24ac227f-266c-4596-baa7-9e43adb692e6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DBN V.2.5-23:2010 Design of electrical equipment of civil buildings (Minregion order No. 64, 15 Feb 2010), copy on e-construction.gov.ua<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 2.1: supply from 380\/220 V network with TN-S or TN-C-S; PEN split recommended at intake; cl. 4.4: PEN split before incoming device in houses; cl. 4.60: bathroom zone 3 sockets need isolating transformer, SELV\/PELV or RCD<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dnaop.com\/html\/41431_2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUE:2006 ch. 1.7 Earthing and protective measures (Ukraine), page 2, dnaop.com<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>1.7.26 defines TN, TT, IT and TN-C systems<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dnaop.com\/html\/41431_4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUE:2006 ch. 1.7 (Ukraine), page 4, dnaop.com<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RCD of 30 mA or less as additional protection; 1.7.81: RCDs should not be used in TN-C installations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"AE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-AE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">United Arab Emirates<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-AE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for United Arab Emirates\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Rules are set per emirate. Dubai (DEWA): consumer main earthing is TN-S; each plot also has its own electrodes, connected to DEWA earth via the incoming cable armour or an ECC, and N and E are never joined inside the installation. Abu Dhabi (DoE\/ADDC\/AADC): a combination of TN-S (Distribution Company earth) and TT (owner electrodes, max 10 ohm); other systems need approval. Northern Emirates (Etihad WE, ex-FEWA): 4-wire supply with separate neutral and protective conductor, usually the cable armour (TN-S), TT where the customer provides the MET. Sharjah (SEWA) rules could not be opened. TN-C-S is not listed by any authority read.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>DEWA Regulations for Electrical Installations 2017; Abu Dhabi EWR 2020; Etihad WE Wiring Regulations 2020; SEWA Regulations<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Dubai: 30 mA on sockets up to 20 A, outdoor mobile equipment, concealed cables and water heaters; 100 mA on cooker circuits. Abu Dhabi: 30 mA on socket\/appliance circuits and all bathroom circuits, max 100 mA on fixed equipment (lighting, AC). Etihad WE: earth leakage protection at the origin and at final circuits.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Sharjah (SEWA) rules are not confirmed.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dewa.gov.ae\/-\/media\/DEWA_Regulations_for_Electrical_Installations_2017_Edition.ashx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DEWA Regulations for Electrical Installations, 2017 Edition<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 5.1.1-5.1.2: every consumer installation has its own earth electrode(s) within the plot; 5.1.5: consumer earth connected to DEWA earthing via incoming cable armour or an ECC; 5.1.9: consumer main earthing is TN-S; 5.1.10: N and E never connected inside the installation; 1.12(b)\/1.13(e): 30 mA RCD for sockets up to 20 A, outdoor mobile equipment up to 32 A and concealed cables; 4.6.5: 30 mA on water heater circuits; 4.6.3: 100 mA on cooker circuits<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.doe.gov.ae\/-\/media\/Project\/DOE\/Department-Of-Energy\/Media-Center-Publications\/EWR-2020-EN-V8-B-Online.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Abu Dhabi DoE: The Electricity Wiring Regulations (EWR 2020)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Cl. 6.2.1: TT (owner&#39;s electrodes, max 10 ohm) and TN-S (Distribution Company earth); cl. 6.2.2: Abu Dhabi uses a combination of TN-S and TT, other systems need Distribution Company approval; cl. 6.2.3: N and PE kept separate downstream of the connection point; cl. 5.4.8: domestic RCDs max 30 mA for sockets\/appliance circuits and all bathroom circuits, max 100 mA for fixed equipment such as lighting and AC<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/etihadwe.ae\/en\/About\/Regulations\/Regulations\/Wiring Regulation Final-06.07.2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Etihad WE (formerly FEWA) Wiring Regulations, 2020<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 4 defines TN-S (earth via armour\/sheath of the supply cable) and TT (customer electrodes); 5.1: neutral solidly earthed at the utility substation, supply 3-phase 4-wire with separate neutral and protective conductor; 6.2: earth leakage protection at the origin of every installation and at final circuits<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"GB\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-GB\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udde7<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-GB\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for United Kingdom\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">PME (TN-C-S) is most common at new connections. TN-S is found on older lead-sheathed cable supplies. TT is used where the DNO cannot offer an earth (rural overhead, special locations).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations); ESQCR 2002<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD on socket-outlets up to 32 A and on outdoor mobile equipment up to 32 A (BS 7671 reg. 411.3.3), and on AC final circuits supplying luminaires in domestic premises (411.3.4), cables concealed in walls or partitions less than 50 mm deep, or at any depth in partitions with metal parts, where not otherwise protected (522.6.202\/203) and circuits in special locations such as bathrooms (Part 7).<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2002\/2665\/regulation\/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002, reg. 24 (legislation.gov.uk)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Distributors must make the supply neutral (or network protective conductor) available for connection to the consumer&#39;s protective conductor on new LV connections unless unsafe<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.westernpower.co.uk\/connections-landing\/information-for-electrical-installers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Grid Electricity Distribution (ex-WPD): Information for electrical installers<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>PME (TN-C-S) is the most common earthing at new installations; TN-S now relatively rare; TT where no DNO earth terminal is made available<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/electrical.theiet.org\/wiring-matters\/years\/2022\/91-july-2022\/mythbusters-8-socket-outlets-must-be-protected-by-a-30-ma-rcd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IET Wiring Matters (Issue 91, July 2022): Mythbusters 8 - socket-outlets must be protected by a 30 mA RCD<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>BS 7671 reg. 411.3.3: 30 mA RCD additional protection for socket-outlets up to 32 A and for mobile equipment up to 32 A used outdoors; documented risk-assessment exception only for sockets in non-domestic &#39;other&#39; locations<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/electrical.theiet.org\/bs-7671-18th-edition-wiring-regulations\/faqs\/consumer-units-and-protective-devices-faqs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IET Electrical: BS 7671 FAQs, consumer units and protective devices<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Regulation 411.3.4: luminaires in domestic premises need additional protection by a 30 mA RCD<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"US\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-US\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf8<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">United States<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>North America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TN-C-S<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-US\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for United States\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The utility earths the neutral. At the service, the neutral is bonded to the equipment grounding conductors and the grounding electrode by the main bonding jumper (NEC 250.24). Downstream of the service, neutral and ground stay separate, which is the US equivalent of TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NEC (NFPA 70) Article 250, adopted by states<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI protection required for dwelling receptacles in bathrooms, kitchens, garages, outdoors, basements and laundry areas (NEC 210.8)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Not called TN-C-S in the US, but the arrangement is the same. Some states adopt an older NEC edition, which changes the GFCI scope.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncosfm.gov\/electrical\/25024a-grounding-electrode-conductor-bonding-neutral\/open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NC Office of State Fire Marshal: NEC 250.24(A)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded (neutral) service conductor at each service, with main bonding jumper<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iaeimagazine.org\/features\/systems\/ground-fault-circuit-interrupter-gfci-protection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IAEI Magazine: Ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>NEC 210.8(A) dwelling GFCI locations (bathrooms, kitchens, garages, outdoors, basements, laundry, near sinks)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"UY\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-UY\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddfe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Uruguay<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc tfe-pr\" title=\"Predominant\">TT<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (predominant)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-UY\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Uruguay\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">UTE adopts the TT system for customers&#39; LV installations. The installation earth is independent of the distribution earth and is never joined to the neutral at any point (Reglamento de Baja Tensi\u00f3n Cap. VI, sec. 4). Water and gas pipes may not be used as electrodes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>UTE Reglamento de Baja Tensi\u00f3n (Cap. VI Protecciones contra contactos directos e indirectos)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD (interruptor diferencial) required in every customer&#39;s main board; 30 mA mandatory for domestic installations (UTE Comunicado NTC 26002, 19 Feb 2026)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No further notes.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ute.com.uy\/sites\/default\/files\/files-cuerpo-paginas\/C-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UTE Reglamento de Baja Tensi\u00f3n, Cap\u00edtulo VI<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Sec. 4: TT adopted for customer installations; earth independent and never linked to the neutral<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.ute.com.uy\/sites\/default\/files\/memorias\/190226%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20en%20instalaciones%20interiores.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UTE Comunicado 26002 (19\/02\/2026): Protecci\u00f3n en instalaciones interiores<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>RCD required in all main boards; 30 mA mandatory for domestic installations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"UZ\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-UZ\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddff<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Uzbekistan<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-UZ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Uzbekistan\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Soviet-era housing commonly has a combined neutral and earth (TN-C) with no separate protective conductor; newer work moves to TN-C-S or TN-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) with national GOST\/IEC 60364 adoptions<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found, so the systems shown are unconfirmed and no predominant arrangement is given. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"VU\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-VU\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddfa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Vanuatu<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-VU\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Vanuatu\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">No authoritative information found on the supply earthing arrangement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>Port Vila Electricity Supply Act: French USE 1929 rules or SAA Wiring Rules (as substituted); AS\/NZS 3000:2018 proposed by the Electrical Works Safety Bill 2025<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>Not confirmed; check local rules<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Standard: verified (Act) but outdated; bill not confirmed enacted. System, predominant, RCD: unverified. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theprif.org\/sites\/theprif.org\/files\/documents\/PRIF_NBC-Electrical_Web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRIF: Electrical Standards in the Pacific NBCs (2026)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Country listed in the AS\/NZS 3000 framework group (standard only; no earthing system stated)<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/parliament.gov.vu\/images\/Bills\/Second%20Ordinary%20session%202025\/Bill%20for%20the%20Electrical%20Works%20Safety%20Act%20No.%20%20of%202025\/Bill%20for%20the%20Electrical%20Works%20Safety%20Act%20No.%20%20of%202025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vanuatu Bill for the Electrical Works Safety Act 2025<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Bill would adopt AS\/NZS 3000:2018 as the Wiring Rules (s.4); enactment not confirmed<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/paclii.org\/vu\/legis\/consol_act1988\/pvesa307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Port Vila Electricity Supply Act (PacLII)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Installation rules: French USE 1929 rules or SAA Wiring Rules 1940; Minister may substitute<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"VA\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-VA\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\udde6<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Vatican City<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Europe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-VA\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Vatican City\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Follows Italian practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>CEI 64-8 (assumed)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCD.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No Vatican source found. Italian TT practice is likely but unconfirmed. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"VE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-VE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Venezuela<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>South America<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-VE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Venezuela\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Neutral is earthed by the utility and bonded to the earthing conductor at the service panel (NEC-style, functionally TN-C-S). North American-style supply.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>C\u00f3digo El\u00e9ctrico Nacional FONDONORMA (NTF) 200:2009, based on NEC\/NFPA 70 2005\/2008<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>GFCI on wet-area receptacles expected where NEC-derived rules apply; enforcement varies<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">The NEC-style bonded neutral is expected but not confirmed. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/codelectra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NTF-200-2009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CODELECTRA: NTF 200:2009 C\u00f3digo El\u00e9ctrico Nacional<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Standard is NTF 200:2009, based on NEC\/NFPA 70 2005\/2008, replacing NVC 200:1999<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"VN\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-VN\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Vietnam<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Asia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">IT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-VN\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Vietnam\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TT, IT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">The national technical regulation for electrical systems in houses and public buildings permits only three earthing arrangements: IT, TT and TN-S. Older or informal installations may differ, but TN-C and TN-C-S are not among the permitted schemes for new house installations.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>QCVN 12:2014\/BXD (electrical systems of houses and public buildings), issued by Circular 20\/2014\/TT-BXD; TCVN 7447 (IEC 60364)<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD required for fault protection in TT and TN-S systems; 30 mA additional-protection RCD for hand-held tool circuits and for all circuits in bathrooms\/showers (QCVN 12:2014\/BXD cl. 2.4.2.2, 2.3.3.4, 2.10.2.4)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">System: verified (QCVN 12:2014\/BXD cl. 2.1.6 and Appendix \u0110). Predominant: not sourced, null. RCD: verified.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-verified\" title=\"Confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator, utility or government\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Verified<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><ol class=\"tfe-slist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/krongnang.daklak.gov.vn\/jdownloads\/Vaen bn cp Trung ng\/Vaen bn php quy\/BXD_20-2014-TT-BXD_29122014_QCVN.signed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Circular 20\/2014\/TT-BXD issuing QCVN 12:2014\/BXD (Kr\u00f4ng N\u0103ng district government copy)<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> (opens in a new tab)<\/span><\/a><span>Only IT, TT, TN-S permitted (App. \u0110, cl. 2.1.6); RCD for TT\/TN-S; 30 mA in bathrooms and hand-held tool circuits<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"WF\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-WF\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfc\ud83c\uddeb<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Wallis and Futuna<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Oceania<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-WF\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Wallis and Futuna\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-S, TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Public network supplies are normally TT: the consumer provides an earth electrode and the supply neutral is earthed separately at the substation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>NF C 15-100<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>30 mA RCDs required on all final circuits (NF C 15-100 practice)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">French territory applying French installation rules. Not checked against a local official source for this territory. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"YE\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-YE\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddfe\ud83c\uddea<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Yemen<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Middle East<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-YE\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Yemen\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Practice is inconsistent.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>National rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD use varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No authoritative source was found. Check local rules.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ZM\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ZM\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddff\ud83c\uddf2<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Zambia<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ZM\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Zambia\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>ZS 791 \/ ZESCO rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tfe-row\" role=\"listitem\" data-iso=\"ZW\"><h3 class=\"tfe-rh\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-head\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tfe-p-ZW\"><span class=\"tfe-who\"><span class=\"tfe-flag\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83c\uddff\ud83c\uddfc<\/span><span class=\"tfe-nm\"><span class=\"tfe-name\">Zimbabwe<\/span><span class=\"tfe-reg\"><span>Africa<\/span><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-main\"><span class=\"tfe-chips2\"><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sc\" title=\"Also in use\">TT<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"tfe-chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h3><div class=\"tfe-panel\" id=\"tfe-p-ZW\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Details for Zimbabwe\"><div class=\"tfe-pin\"><div class=\"tfe-pbody\"><div class=\"tfe-dgrid\"><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Supply arrangements<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Predominant<\/dt><dd>Not established<\/dd><dt>In use<\/dt><dd>TN-C-S, TT<\/dd><\/dl><p class=\"tfe-small\">Consumers commonly provide their own earth electrode (TT); some urban utilities offer TN-C-S.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Standard and RCDs<\/h4><dl class=\"tfe-dl\"><dt>Standard<\/dt><dd>ZESA \/ SAZS wiring rules<\/dd><dt>RCD rule<\/dt><dd>RCD\/ELCB protection (typically 30 mA) expected on socket circuits; enforcement varies.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box\"><h4>Notes<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">Based on the British-derived technical heritage; not confirmed nationally. Check local rules. No predominant arrangement is given because none is sourced.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-small\"><span class=\"tfe-conf tfe-conf-unverified\" title=\"Best-known value, not confirmed from an authoritative source. Check local rules.\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Check local rules<\/span><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tfe-box tfe-wide\"><h4>Sources<\/h4><p class=\"tfe-note\">No published source has been recorded for this entry. Check local rules with the national regulator or supply company.<\/p><p class=\"tfe-checked\">Checked 9 Nov 2026<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"tfe-empty tfe-hide\" id=\"tfe-empty\">No countries or territories match your search.<\/div>\n<p class=\"tfe-foot\"><strong>Confirm the earthing arrangement on site.<\/strong> This list shows the usual arrangement for public low-voltage supplies; a single country often has several. The network operator or supplier can confirm the system for a particular property, and it must be verified by inspection and testing before work is designed or certified. Confidence shows how well each entry is supported: <strong>Verified<\/strong> entries were confirmed from an authoritative source such as a national standard, regulator or network operator; <strong>Corroborated<\/strong> entries are supported by two independent technical sources; entries marked <strong>Check local rules<\/strong> show the best-known arrangement and should be confirmed locally.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tfe-band\" id=\"tfe-systems-sec\" aria-labelledby=\"tfe-sys-h\">\n<h2 class=\"tfe-h2\" id=\"tfe-sys-h\">The five systems. <span>Drawn simply.<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"tfe-intro\">The letters come from IEC 60364. The first letter describes the source: <b>T<\/b> (terra) means directly earthed, <b>I<\/b> means isolated or earthed through an impedance. The second describes the installation&rsquo;s exposed metalwork: <b>T<\/b> means its own earth electrode, <b>N<\/b> means connected to the supply&rsquo;s earthed point. In TN systems, <b>S<\/b> means separate neutral and protective conductors and <b>C<\/b> means combined.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tfe-systems\" id=\"tfe-systems\"><article class=\"tfe-sys\" id=\"tfe-sys-TN-S\"><div class=\"tfe-sys-d\" data-scrollx><svg class=\"tfe-dia\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 260\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Schematic of a TN-S earthing system\"><rect x=\"18\" y=\"28\" width=\"96\" height=\"104\" rx=\"14\" fill=\"#fbfbfd\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M100 50 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 92 V100\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"66\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Supply transformer<\/text><text x=\"52\" y=\"85\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Source<\/text><rect x=\"350\" y=\"26\" width=\"204\" height=\"228\" rx=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 5\"\/><text x=\"546\" y=\"246\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"500\">Consumer installation<\/text><rect x=\"458\" y=\"34\" width=\"74\" height=\"86\" rx=\"9\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/><text x=\"495\" y=\"74\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"600\">Appliance<\/text><text x=\"495\" y=\"90\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">metal case<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Distribution cable<\/text><path d=\"M100 50 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8B5A2B\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"43\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#8B5A2B\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">L<\/text><path d=\"M100 100 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F6FD6\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"93\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#2F6FD6\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">N<\/text><path d=\"M100 100 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 100 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><text x=\"112\" y=\"153\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#2E9E44\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">PE (separate, e.g. cable sheath)<\/text><circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><path d=\"M100 160 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M108 198 h-16 M105 204 h-10 M102 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"100\" y=\"230\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Earthed at source<\/text><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><circle cx=\"420\" cy=\"160\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><text x=\"414\" y=\"152\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"700\">MET<\/text><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"tfe-sys-b\"><h3 class=\"tfe-sys-h\"><span class=\"tfe-sys-k\">TN-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sr\"> earthing: <\/span><span class=\"tfe-sys-t\">Separate neutral and earth<\/span><\/h3><p>The supply transformer star point is earthed, and the network brings a separate protective earth conductor all the way to the installation, often the metal sheath or armour of the supply cable. Neutral and earth never share a conductor.<\/p><p>Typical earth fault loop impedance is low, so overcurrent devices can disconnect faults quickly. Common on older underground cable supplies in the UK and on many industrial sites with their own transformer.<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-sys-btn\" data-sys=\"TN-S\">Show 60 countries and territories<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> using TN-S<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/article><article class=\"tfe-sys\" id=\"tfe-sys-TN-C-S\"><div class=\"tfe-sys-d\" data-scrollx><svg class=\"tfe-dia\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 260\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Schematic of a TN-C-S earthing system\"><rect x=\"18\" y=\"28\" width=\"96\" height=\"104\" rx=\"14\" fill=\"#fbfbfd\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M100 50 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 92 V100\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"66\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Supply transformer<\/text><text x=\"52\" y=\"85\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Source<\/text><rect x=\"350\" y=\"26\" width=\"204\" height=\"228\" rx=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 5\"\/><text x=\"546\" y=\"246\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"500\">Consumer installation<\/text><rect x=\"458\" y=\"34\" width=\"74\" height=\"86\" rx=\"9\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/><text x=\"495\" y=\"74\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"600\">Appliance<\/text><text x=\"495\" y=\"90\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">metal case<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Distribution cable<\/text><path d=\"M100 50 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8B5A2B\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"43\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#8B5A2B\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">L<\/text><path d=\"M100 100 H380\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F6FD6\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 100 H380\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 5\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"94\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#2F6FD6\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">PEN (combined N + PE)<\/text><path d=\"M380 100 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F6FD6\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M380 100 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M380 100 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><circle cx=\"380\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><text x=\"372\" y=\"122\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"500\">split<\/text><circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><path d=\"M100 100 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M108 198 h-16 M105 204 h-10 M102 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"100\" y=\"230\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Earthed at source<\/text><circle cx=\"250\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><path d=\"M250 100 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M258 198 h-16 M255 204 h-10 M252 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"250\" y=\"230\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Extra earth points (PME \/ MEN)<\/text><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><circle cx=\"420\" cy=\"160\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><text x=\"414\" y=\"152\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"700\">MET<\/text><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"tfe-sys-b\"><h3 class=\"tfe-sys-h\"><span class=\"tfe-sys-k\">TN-C-S<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sr\"> earthing: <\/span><span class=\"tfe-sys-t\">Combined in the network, separate in the building<\/span><\/h3><p>The network uses one conductor for both neutral and earth (PEN). At the service position it is split into separate N and PE, and the PEN is earthed at several points along the network. In the UK this is called PME (protective multiple earthing); in Australia and New Zealand it is MEN (multiple earthed neutral).<\/p><p>Gives a low impedance earth, but if the PEN conductor breaks, exposed metalwork can rise towards line voltage. That is why there are extra rules for main bonding, outdoor equipment and EV charging on these supplies.<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-sys-btn\" data-sys=\"TN-C-S\">Show 169 countries and territories<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> using TN-C-S<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/article><article class=\"tfe-sys\" id=\"tfe-sys-TN-C\"><div class=\"tfe-sys-d\" data-scrollx><svg class=\"tfe-dia\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 260\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Schematic of a TN-C earthing system\"><rect x=\"18\" y=\"28\" width=\"96\" height=\"104\" rx=\"14\" fill=\"#fbfbfd\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M100 50 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 92 V100\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"66\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Supply transformer<\/text><text x=\"52\" y=\"85\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Source<\/text><rect x=\"350\" y=\"26\" width=\"204\" height=\"228\" rx=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 5\"\/><text x=\"546\" y=\"246\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"500\">Consumer installation<\/text><rect x=\"458\" y=\"34\" width=\"74\" height=\"86\" rx=\"9\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/><text x=\"495\" y=\"74\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"600\">Appliance<\/text><text x=\"495\" y=\"90\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">metal case<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Distribution cable<\/text><path d=\"M100 50 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8B5A2B\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"43\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#8B5A2B\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">L<\/text><path d=\"M100 100 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F6FD6\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 100 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 5\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"94\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#2F6FD6\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">PEN (combined N + PE)<\/text><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H430 V100\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F6FD6\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H430 V100\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 5\"\/><circle cx=\"430\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><text x=\"450\" y=\"180\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Case bonded<\/text><text x=\"450\" y=\"195\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">to PEN<\/text><circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><path d=\"M100 100 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M108 198 h-16 M105 204 h-10 M102 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"100\" y=\"230\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Earthed at source<\/text><circle cx=\"250\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><path d=\"M250 100 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M258 198 h-16 M255 204 h-10 M252 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"250\" y=\"230\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Further earth points<\/text><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"tfe-sys-b\"><h3 class=\"tfe-sys-h\"><span class=\"tfe-sys-k\">TN-C<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sr\"> earthing: <\/span><span class=\"tfe-sys-t\">Combined conductor throughout<\/span><\/h3><p>Neutral and protective earth are combined in one PEN conductor through the network and into the installation itself, and appliance cases are connected to it.<\/p><p>Saves a conductor but means a broken PEN or a neutral current can put voltage on metalwork, and RCDs cannot be used on the combined part. Not permitted in UK consumer installations; found in some older systems and large fixed cabling elsewhere.<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-sys-btn\" data-sys=\"TN-C\">Show 34 countries and territories<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> using TN-C<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/article><article class=\"tfe-sys\" id=\"tfe-sys-TT\"><div class=\"tfe-sys-d\" data-scrollx><svg class=\"tfe-dia\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 260\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Schematic of a TT earthing system\"><rect x=\"18\" y=\"28\" width=\"96\" height=\"104\" rx=\"14\" fill=\"#fbfbfd\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M100 50 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 92 V100\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"66\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Supply transformer<\/text><text x=\"52\" y=\"85\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Source<\/text><rect x=\"350\" y=\"26\" width=\"204\" height=\"228\" rx=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 5\"\/><text x=\"546\" y=\"246\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"500\">Consumer installation<\/text><rect x=\"458\" y=\"34\" width=\"74\" height=\"86\" rx=\"9\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/><text x=\"495\" y=\"74\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"600\">Appliance<\/text><text x=\"495\" y=\"90\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">metal case<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Distribution cable<\/text><path d=\"M100 50 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8B5A2B\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"43\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#8B5A2B\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">L<\/text><path d=\"M100 100 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F6FD6\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"93\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#2F6FD6\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">N<\/text><circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><path d=\"M100 100 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M108 198 h-16 M105 204 h-10 M102 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"100\" y=\"230\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Earthed at source<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"150\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">No earth conductor<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"166\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">from the network<\/text><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><circle cx=\"420\" cy=\"160\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><text x=\"414\" y=\"152\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"700\">MET<\/text><path d=\"M420 160 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M420 160 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><path d=\"M428 198 h-16 M425 204 h-10 M422 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"432\" y=\"206\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"500\">Own earth<\/text><text x=\"432\" y=\"220\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"500\">electrode<\/text><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"tfe-sys-b\"><h3 class=\"tfe-sys-h\"><span class=\"tfe-sys-k\">TT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sr\"> earthing: <\/span><span class=\"tfe-sys-t\">Own earth electrode at the property<\/span><\/h3><p>The supply is earthed at the transformer, but the network provides no earth conductor. The installation is connected to its own earth electrode, such as a rod driven into the ground.<\/p><p>The path back through the ground has a high resistance, so fault currents are often too small to trip a fuse or circuit breaker. RCDs do the protective work. Common in rural areas with overhead lines, and the main system in France, Japan and many other countries and territories.<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-sys-btn\" data-sys=\"TT\">Show 183 countries and territories<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> using TT<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/article><article class=\"tfe-sys\" id=\"tfe-sys-IT\"><div class=\"tfe-sys-d\" data-scrollx><svg class=\"tfe-dia\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 260\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Schematic of a IT earthing system\"><rect x=\"18\" y=\"28\" width=\"96\" height=\"104\" rx=\"14\" fill=\"#fbfbfd\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M100 50 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14 a7 7 0 0 0 0 14\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M100 92 V100\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"66\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Supply transformer<\/text><text x=\"52\" y=\"85\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Source<\/text><rect x=\"350\" y=\"26\" width=\"204\" height=\"228\" rx=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#6e6e73\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 5\"\/><text x=\"546\" y=\"246\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"500\">Consumer installation<\/text><rect x=\"458\" y=\"34\" width=\"74\" height=\"86\" rx=\"9\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/><text x=\"495\" y=\"74\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"600\">Appliance<\/text><text x=\"495\" y=\"90\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">metal case<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"18\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"500\">Distribution cable<\/text><path d=\"M100 50 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8B5A2B\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"43\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#8B5A2B\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">L<\/text><path d=\"M100 100 H458\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F6FD6\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"150\" y=\"94\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#2F6FD6\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"700\">N (if distributed)<\/text><circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"100\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><path d=\"M100 100 V122 l8 4 l-16 8 l16 8 l-16 8 l8 4 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"118\" y=\"150\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"500\">Isolated, or earthed<\/text><text x=\"118\" y=\"165\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"500\">via high impedance<\/text><path d=\"M108 198 h-16 M105 204 h-10 M102 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M495 120 V160 H420\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><circle cx=\"420\" cy=\"160\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\"\/><text x=\"414\" y=\"152\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-weight=\"700\">MET<\/text><path d=\"M420 160 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E9E44\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M420 160 V198\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#F5C400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 7\"\/><path d=\"M428 198 h-16 M425 204 h-10 M422 210 h-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><text x=\"432\" y=\"206\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"500\">Local earth<\/text><text x=\"432\" y=\"220\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#6e6e73\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-weight=\"500\">electrode<\/text><rect x=\"362\" y=\"58\" width=\"44\" height=\"22\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1d1d1f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"384\" y=\"74\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#1d1d1f\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"700\">IMD<\/text><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"tfe-sys-b\"><h3 class=\"tfe-sys-h\"><span class=\"tfe-sys-k\">IT<\/span><span class=\"tfe-sr\"> earthing: <\/span><span class=\"tfe-sys-t\">Isolated or impedance-earthed source<\/span><\/h3><p>The source has no direct connection to earth, or is connected through a high impedance. Exposed metalwork is earthed locally. An insulation monitoring device (IMD) raises an alarm on a first fault.<\/p><p>A single earth fault does not trip the supply, so the system keeps running while the fault is found. Used for hospital operating theatres, some industrial processes and, in Norway, for parts of the public supply.<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"tfe-sys-btn\" data-sys=\"IT\">Show 20 countries and territories<span class=\"tfe-sr\"> using IT<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/article><\/div>\n<div class=\"tfe-key\"><span><i style=\"background:#8B5A2B\"><\/i>Line (L)<\/span><span><i style=\"background:#2F6FD6\"><\/i>Neutral (N)<\/span><span><i style=\"background:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,#2E9E44 0 6px,#F5C400 6px 12px)\"><\/i>Protective earth (PE)<\/span><span><i style=\"background:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,#2F6FD6 0 6px,#F5C400 6px 12px)\"><\/i>Combined PEN<\/span><span>MET = main earthing terminal &middot; IMD = insulation monitoring device &middot; diagrams are simplified<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"tfe-intro\" style=\"margin-top:28px\">Testing an installation? Check measured values with the <a href=\"\/calculators\/electrical\/calculated-earth-fault-loop-impedance\/\">earth fault loop impedance calculator<\/a> and the <a href=\"\/calculators\/electrical\/prospective-fault-current-estimate\/\">prospective fault current calculator<\/a>, and identify conductors with our <a href=\"\/reference\/wiring-colours\/\">wiring colour codes by country<\/a>.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"tfe-related\" aria-label=\"Related Tradefox references\"><a href=\"\/reference\/wiring-colours\/\">Wiring colours by country<\/a><a href=\"\/reference\/plugs-and-sockets\/\">World plugs, sockets, voltage and frequency<\/a><a href=\"\/calculators\/electrical\/\">Electrical calculators<\/a><a href=\"\/courses\/\">Electrical training courses<\/a><a class=\"tfe-back\" href=\"\/reference\/\">All references<\/a><\/nav>\n<script type=\"application\/json\" 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