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PENfault campaign

PENfault Home
What Is Diverted Neutral Current?
How Safe Is Safe?
Correct Isolation Procedure
PEN Faults in High-Rise Buildings
About the Campaign
Take the Industry Survey
Safety Flowcharts
Gas Engineers: Purge Process

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Plumbing

Plumbing guides.

Water, waste and heating, explained for UK homes.

Toilet cistern not filling?Seven UK-specific fixes, from fill valves and floats to debris and stop taps.

Pressure Top-Up, Air Locks & Signs You Have Sludge Instead

How to bleed a radiatorA step-by-step guide, plus how to top the system back up.

Copper Pipe Sizes UK- Nominal Diameters and Common Plumbing Uses

Copper pipe sizesThe common UK sizes and where each one is used.

Toilets, basins and wastes

Toilet syphon problems
How to fit a basin waste
S-trap vs P-trap
Waste pipe sizes

Radiators and heating

Radiator not heating up?
Expansion vessels
Magnetic system filters

Pipework and water supply

Water hammer
Finding your stopcock
Pipe insulation thickness
Frozen pipes

Drains and smells

Soil pipes explained
Smelly drains in the bathroom
Drain cleaning
Air admittance valves

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Calculators.

Free gas and plumbing calculators with textbook equations and the working shown.

GasTimed gas volume rateOpen ›Heating & hot waterHeat carried by flowing waterOpen ›Heat loss & emittersFabric heat loss: one elementOpen ›Water hydraulicsPipe velocityOpen ›Expansion & materialsFluid expansion from density changeOpen ›Geometry & drainageRound pipe water contentOpen ›

See all 68 gas and plumbing calculators ›

Questions.

What size waste pipe do I need?

In UK homes a basin normally uses 32mm waste pipe, while baths, showers and kitchen sinks use 40mm. Toilets connect to a soil pipe, usually 110mm.

What size copper pipe is used in UK homes?

15mm and 22mm are the standard sizes. 15mm feeds most taps and radiators, and 22mm is used for main runs and higher-flow supplies.

Can a plumber work on my gas boiler?

Only if they are on the Gas Safe Register. By law, anyone working on gas appliances or pipework must be Gas Safe registered, though any plumber can work on the water side of a heating system.